This paper compares the effects that the OBRA93 expansion of the EITC had on the labor force participation of single mothers with two or more children to those on single mothers with only one child. The structure of this expansion allows us to treat it as a natural experiment using difference-indifference techniques. In particular, the difference in the change in labor force participation of si...

Many countries around the world are simultaneously experiencing an aging labor force, sharp reductions in the labor force participation rates of older workers, and high unemployment among younger workers. In response, some governments have encouraged early retirement by the elderly to free up jobs for the young, while others have adopted policies that promote old-age labor force participation. ...

This paper studies the impact of income and payroll taxes on intensive and extensive labor supply decisions for workers ages 55-74 using the Health and Retirement Study. The literature provides little guidance about the responsiveness of this population to tax incentives, though the tax code is potentially an important mechanism that can alter retirement incentives. We model labor force partici...

In Spain, women’s labor force participation has drastically shifted in the decades since Francisco Franco’s dictatorship collapsed. Changes in government policy and evolving social attitudes have affected the treatment of women and their access to economic opportunities. Using The World Bank and OECD labor force statistics for Spain, this study compares Spain’s historical data with that of Fran...

All across Europe, old age labor force participation has declined dramatically during the last decades. This secular trend coincides with population aging. The European social security systems therefore face a double threat: Retirees receive pensions for a longer time while there are less workers per retiree to shoulder the financial burden of the pension systems. This paper shows that a signif...

Th e paper contributes by providing new insights into the relationship between female labor force and economic growth in 162 world countries over the period 19902012. It was hypothesized that an analysis would reveal a U-shaped relationship between female labor force participation and economic growth. Th e analysis is run from two diff erent perspectives – in the fi rst, the relationship is exa...

This paper considers the effect of child care costs on two labor market decisions of single mothers--whether to participate in the labor market and whether to receive AFDC. Weekly child care expenditures are estimated for all women in the sample (taken from the 1984 Panel of SIPP), whether or not they are currently using nonmaternal child care. These expenditures are then included as an indepen...

In this paper, we examine the relationship between individual attributes, aggregate female labor force participation, and family policies, (e.g., child care and family leave) on fertility in developed countries using a hierarchical Bayesian model. Data from the European Values Survey, the World Values Survey, and the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development are employed in this ana...

Gender inequality varies across nations, where such inequality is defined as the disproportionate representation of one sex over the other in desirable social, economic, and biological roles (typically male over female). Thus in Norway, 40% of parliamentarians are women, in the USA 17%, and in Saudi Arabia 0%. Some of this variation is associated with economic prosperity but there is evidence t...

Who is out of the labor force early: the unhealthy or the healthy; the @.urwially fortunate or the u* fortunate? To answer these and other questions about retzrement in the United states, personal interviezc-a toere conducted in 1969 with &.lSS men representing the noninstitutionalized populattin aged 5S-6.9 The interviews revealed that 17 percent of the men were out of the labor force at the t...