We devise a model for security investment that reflects dynamic interaction between a defender, who faces uncertainty, and an attacker, who repeatedly targets the weakest link. Using the model, we derive and compare optimal security investment over multiple periods, exploring the delicate balance between proactive and reactive security investment. We show how the best strategy depends on the de...

this article reviews past developments of the shanghai cooperation organization (sco) and studies its potentialities in the areas of economy, trade, investment, energy and military power. a study conducted on statistical information of the sco state members shows that the organisation has the capacity to be turned into one of the biggest international hubs in the fields of economy, trade, forei...

The Mean failure Cost (MFC) is a cascade of linear models that quantify security threats by taking into consideration the system’s stakeholders, security requirements, architectural components and threats. This quantitative cyber security model monetizes system’s security in terms of cost which may be lost due to security failure. The lack of quantitative security models in security decision ma...

Autonomous mobile agents have been purported as a promising new alternative to traditional distributed computing approaches, bringing many advantageous features. Notwithstanding this, mobile agent technology has yet to see wide deployment in open networks like the Internet. The lack of interoperability between agent systems has impaired such progress. Moreover, fears of security breaches by mal...

This paper evaluates the market timing and security selection capabilities of Australian pooled superannuation funds over the eight-year period from January 1991 to December 1998. Evaluation of both components of investment performance is surprisingly scarce in the Australian literature despite active investment managers engaging in both market timing and security selection. The paper also eval...

This paper explores the general-equilibrium impact of social security portfolio diversiŽ cation into private securities, either through the trust fund or private accounts. The analysis depends critically on heterogeneities in saving, production, assets, and taxes. Limited diversiŽcation weakly increases interest rates, reduces the expected return on short-term investment (and the equity premium...