Direct numerical simulation (DNS) is performed to examine laminar to turbulent transition due to high-frequency secondary instability of stationary crossflow vortices in a subsonic swept-wing boundary layer for a realistic natural-laminar-flow airfoil configuration. The secondary instability is introduced via inflow forcing derived from a two-dimensional, partial-differential-equation based eig...

AIM Laminar screw technique is used to stabilize C2 and other levels when other techniques cannot be performed. MATERIAL AND METHODS The patients underwent laminar screws at cervical and upper thoracic levels in our clinic during 5 yearswere evaluated retrospectively. RESULTS In 25 patients, 6 to 82 years old,total 54 laminar screws were used. Most frequent diagnoses were cervical spinal st...

In this article, a laminar magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) developing flow of an incompressible electrically conducting fluid subjected to an external magnetic field is considered. The aim of the study is to propose a correlation for computing the development length of the laminar MHD developing flow in a pipe. A numerical approach is considered to solve the problem. In the first step, the numerical...

The Zingiberales is an order of tropical monocots that exhibits diverse floral morphologies. The evolution of petaloid, laminar stamens, staminodes, and styles contributes to this diversity. The laminar style is a derived trait in the family Cannaceae and plays an important role in pollination as its surface is used for secondary pollen presentation. Previous work in the Zingiberales has implic...

Techniques for staining (silver, osmium, metal sulfides, ink) and microphotography (epi-illumination) of polished bone surfaces have been developed to visualize the three-dimensional structure of the shafts of mammalian long bones. Bone is a two-compartment system with capillaries and some kinds of connective tissue in one compartment separated from fibers of bone collagen, often forming lamell...

The ventricular myocardium consists of a syncytium of myocytes organized into branching, transmurally oriented laminar sheets approximately four cells thick. When systolic deformation is expressed in an axis system determined by the anatomy of the laminar architecture, laminar sheets of myocytes shear and laterally extend in an approximately radial direction. These deformations account for ~90%...

The molecular genetic mechanisms underlying abaxial-adaxial polarity in plants have been studied as a property of lateral and flattened organs, such as leaves. In leaves, laminar expansion occurs as a result of balanced abaxial-adaxial gene expression. Over- or under- expression of either abaxializing or adaxializing genes inhibits laminar growth, resulting in a mutant radialized phenotype. Her...

En face adaptive optics scanning laser ophthalmoscope (AOSLO) images of the anterior lamina cribrosa surface (ALCS) represent a 2D projected view of a 3D laminar surface. Using spectral domain optical coherence tomography images acquired in living monkey eyes, a thin plate spline was used to model the ALCS in 3D. The 2D AOSLO images were registered and projected onto the 3D surface that was the...

Enhancing mixing is of uttermost importance in many laminar microfluidic devices, aiming at overcoming the severe performance limitation of species transport by diffusion alone. Here we focus on the significant category of microscale co-laminar flows encountered in membraneless redox flow cells for power delivery. The grand challenge is to achieve simultaneously convective mixing within each in...

A NUMBER of military and civilian applications require efficient operation of airfoils in low chord Reynolds numbers. The applications include propellers, sailplanes, ultralight mancarrying/man-powered aircraft, high-altitude vehicles, wind turbines, unmanned aerial vehicles, and micro air vehicles. Careful management of boundary layers on low-Reynolds-number airfoils is required to alleviate t...