a Department of Land Surveying and Geo-Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong b Faculty of Science and Technology, Engineering Building, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YR, UK c Faculty of Geosciences, University of Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 2, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands d School of Geography, Archaeology and Palaeoecology, Queen's University Belfast, BT7...

Zhao Liu,1 Emil J. Bergholtz,2 Alessandro Romito,3 and Dganit Meidan4 Dahlem Center for Complex Quantum Systems and Institut fur Theoretische Physik, Freie Universitat Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany Department of Physics, Stockholm University, AlbaNova University Center, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden Department of Physics, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YB, United Kingdom Department of Physics,...

Diego Rainis,1,* Fabio Taddei,1 Marco Polini,1,2 Gladys León,1,2 Francisco Guinea,3,2 and Vladimir I. Fal’ko4,2 1NEST, Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR and Scuola Normale Superiore, I-56126 Pisa, Italy 2Kavli Institute for Theoretical Physics China, CAS, Beijing 100190, China 3Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid (CSIC), Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz 3, E-28049 Madrid, Spain 4Physics Department, La...

Science, a weekly journal, is published each Friday by the American Association for the Advancement of Science at The Business Press, Incorporated, N. Queen St. and McGovern Ase., Lancaster, Pa. Founded in 1880. it has been since 1900 the official publication of the AAAS. Editorial and Advertising Offices, 1515 Massachusetts Avenue, N.W.. Washington 5, D. C. Telephone, EXecutive 60 or 661. Cabl...

G. R. Jafari,1, 2, ∗ A. Bahraminasab,3, 4, † and P. Norouzzadeh5, ‡ Department of Physics, Shahid Beheshti University, Evin, Tehran 19839, Iran Department of Nano-Science, IPM, P. O. Box 19395-5531, Tehran, Iran Department of Physics, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YB, United Kingdom The Abdus Salam International Center for Theoretical Physics (ICTP) Strada Costiera 11, I-34100 Trieste, I...

1 Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia, 2 Space Plasma, Power and Propulsion Laboratory, Research School of Physics and Engineering, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia, 3 York Plasma Institute, Department of Physics, University of York, York, UK, 4 Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Meijo University, Nago...

T. Schmidt,1 R. J. Haug,1,3 Vladimir I. Fal’ko,1,4 K. v. Klitzing,1 A. Förster,2 and H. Lüth2 1Max-Planck-Institut für Festkörperforschung, Heisenbergstrasse 1, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany 2Institut für Schichtund Ionentechnik, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Postfach 1913, 52428 Jülich, Germany 3Institut für Festkörperphysik, Universität Hannover, Appelstrasse 2, 30167 Hannover, Germany 4School of...

I. A. KHOVANOV, D. G. LUCHINSKY, R. MANNELLA, and P. V. E. McCLINTOCK Department of Physics, Saratov State University, Astrahanskaya 83, 410026, Saratov, Russia Department of Physics, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YB, UK Russian Research Institute for Metrological Service, Ozernaya 46, 119361 Moscow, Russia Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa and Istituto Nazionale Fisica della Ma...

Staff and students at Lancaster University have, for the past five years, been involved in the development of an autonomous robot excavator LUCIE the Lancaster University Computerised Intelligent Excavator. An excavator provides a good opportunity for development, as it is basically a highly efficient and well developed four degree-of-freedom manipulator arm, but with the complete absence of au...

Science, a weekly journal, is published each Friday by the American Association for the Advancement of Science at The Business Press, Incorporated, N. Queen St. and McGovern Ave., Lancaster, Pa. Founded in 1880. it has been since 1900 the official publication of the AAAS. Editorial and Advertising Offices, 1515 Maesachusetts Avenue, N.W.. Washington 5, D. C. Telephone, EXecutive 00 or 661. Cabl...