the protective capacity of the crude extracts from larval and nymphal stages of hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum was examined in the new zealand white rabbits. the rabbits were randomly divided into 3 groups of five animals. the rabbits in groups 1 and 2 were immunized with crude extracts of larval and nymphal antigens, respectively and group 3 was served as control. following challenge of each r...

Crocidolomia pavonana ( binotalis) [F.] demonstrates oviposition peaks in the Þeld that we believe to be correlated with host plant phenology. In previous two-choice laboratory experiments, we found the highest relative proportion of oviposition on cabbage to correspond either to plant growth stages 7Ð8 wk or 9Ð11 wk old, depending on the alternate host plant with which it was presented. In cab...

A growing body of research on calcifying marine invertebrates suggests that ocean acidification will have deleterious effects on development and various physiological processes in these organisms. In laboratory experiments designed to mimic seawater chemistry in future oceans, we examined the effect of pH reduction, driven by the carbon dioxide (CO2) acidification of seawater, on larvae of the ...

The polychaete Neanthes arenaceodentata- is cosmopolitan in distribution-, has been used as a laboratory test animal. Life history of this species has several unique features; the female dies after spawning and the male incubates the fertilized eggs through the 21-segmented stage. The larvae leave the tube and commence feeding. Changes in protein abundance and phosphorylation were examined duri...

The stomatogastric nervous system (STNS) of adult lobsters and crabs generates a number of different rhythmic motor patterns which control different regional movements of the foregut. Since these output patterns are generated by discrete neural networks that, in the adult, are well characterized in terms of synaptic and cellular properties, this system constitutes an ideal model for exploring t...

In the present study, norepinephrine (NE), epinephrine (E), dopamine (DA) and 5-hydroxy-tryptamine (5HT) have been quantified by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) in Pecten maximus during larval and post-larval development. With average values ranging from 2 to 5 pg μg of protein, NE remained low through the whole larval life, while epinephrine (E) was undetected. DA and 5HT were th...

we studied the pest and parasitoid fauna of cauliflower fields in southern tehran in 2011. in the course of our research the ichneumonid wasp barichneumon derogator (wesmael) of the subfamily ichneumoninae was collected and identified. this parasitoid attacks the larval stages of lepidopteran pests. the species b. derogator is newly recorded from iran.

Insect juvenile hormones (JHs) prevent precocious metamorphosis and allow larvae to undergo multiple rounds of status quo molts. However, the roles of JHs during the embryonic and very early larval stages have not been fully understood. We generated and characterized knockout silkworms (Bombyx mori) with null mutations in JH biosynthesis or JH receptor genes using genome-editing tools. We found...