background: myofascial pain syndrome is a significant source of mechanical pain. the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of arm movement on reaction time in females with latent and active upper trapezius myofascial trigger point. methods: in this interventional study, a convenience sample of fifteen women with one active mtp, fifteen women with one latent mtp in the upper trapezius...

background: toxoplasmosis is one of the prevalent parasitic diseases in the world with 10-40 percent of people having it as a latent infection. in cases of renal transplants, the condition either presents itself as a result of reactivation of the latent infection resulting in the weakness of immune system in a recipient or happens when a recipient simply contracts the condition from the donor t...

Harsh discipline is a well-replicated risk factor for aggressive, antisocial and delinquent behavior. In this paper we investigate the moderator hypothesis that parental perceptions of early child manageability problems, moderate parental discipline responses to the child’s disruptive behavior. We describe the application of an interaction model to the analysis of a behavioral data set, show ho...

Proportional representation by means of a single transferable vote (PR-STV) is the electoral system employed in Irish elections. In this system, voters rank some or all of the candidates in order of preference. A latent space model is proposed for these election data where both candidates and voters are located in the same D-dimensional space. The locations are determined by the ranked preferen...

iv v Acknowledgements Many thanks are due to my advisors, Richard Andersen and John Hoppeld. Richard has been tremendously supportive throughout, providing valuable advice and encouragement, even when my work has taken me outside the domains typically trodden by members of his group. Furthermore he has assembled an exceptional group of people in whose company I have worked for the last ve years...

Probabilistic Latent Semantic Analysis (PLSA) is a popular technique to analyze non-negative data where multinomial distributions underlying every data vector are expressed as linear combinations of a set of basis distributions. These learned basis distributions that characterize the dataset lie on the standard simplex and themselves represent corners of a simplex within which all data approxim...

We introduce stochastic variational inference for Gaussian process models. This enables the application of Gaussian process (GP) models to data sets containing millions of data points. We show how GPs can be variationally decomposed to depend on a set of globally relevant inducing variables which factorize the model in the necessary manner to perform variational inference. Our approach is readi...

Identification of latent variables that govern a problem and the relationships among them, given measurements in the observed world, are important for causal discovery. This identification can be accomplished by analyzing the constraints imposed by the latents in the measurements. We introduce the concept of pairwise cluster comparison (PCC) to identify causal relationships from clusters of dat...

In the medical, behavioral, social, and psychological sciences, latent variables represent unobservable traits that are measured by multiple observed variables. Latent variable models (LVMs) are useful tools for assessing the interrelationships among latent and observed variables. Due to their wide applications, LVMs have attracted significant attention from various fields. However, the majorit...

having a comprehensive evaluation model with reliable data is useful to improve performance of supply chain. in this paper, according to the nature of supply chain, a model is presented that able to evaluate the performance of the supply chain by a network data envelopment analysis model and by using the financial, intellectual capital (knowledge base), collaboration and responsiveness factors ...