Initial assessment of severity of injury to the lateral ligament of the ankle is by clinical examination. If it is thought that there is a possibility of either lateral or anterior instability, patients are investigated radiologically by anterior and inversion stress films. If instability is demonstrated a peroneal tenogram is carried out to exclude damage to the calcaneo-fibular ligament. Trea...

In this study three forms of treatment for ruptures of the lateral ligament of the ankle have been compared with reference to their effect upon the final mechanical stability of the ankle, the duration of morbidity immediately after injury, and the incidence of complaints one year after injury. The three forms of treatment used were mobilisation, immobilisation for six weeks, and suture of the ...

BACKGROUND The nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome (NBCCS), first described by Gorlin and Goltz in 1960, is a hereditary autosomal dominant disease with high penetrance and variable expressivity. Almost 70% of patients with NBCCS have some degree of craniofacial anomaly. Among these, the presence of ectopic calcification have been reported but Atlanto-occipital ligament calcification has never...

Seventy-one consecutive patients with posterolateral knee injuries had clinical stability testing abnormalities documented prospectively. We compared these findings with the incidence and patterns of their injuries documented at surgery. An abnormal reverse pivot shift test was associated with injury to the fibular collateral ligament (P = 0.01), popliteal components (P = 0.01), and midthird la...

There have been differing descriptions of the anterolateral structures of the knee, and not all have been named or described clearly. The aim of this study was to provide a clear anatomical interpretation of these structures. We dissected 40 fresh-frozen cadaveric knees to view the relevant anatomy and identified a consistent structure in 33 knees (83%); we termed this the anterolateral ligamen...

The object of this study was to evaluate a novel surgical technique in the treatment of adult degenerative scoliosis and present our early experience with the minimally invasive lateral approach for anterior longitudinal ligament release to provide lumbar lordosis and examine its impact on sagittal balance. Methods. All patients with adult spinal deformity (ASD) treated with the minimally invas...

Dislocated knee is an emergency in orthopaedic trauma because they might have an associated vascular injury (1). Knee dislocations usually involve injury to both anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) and posterior cruciate ligament (PCL). In addition, a disruption of the medial (MCL) or lateral collateral ligament (LCL) injuries are common. The LCL injury often includes a disruption of the posterior...

In 1879, the French surgeon Segond described the existence of a 'pearly, resistant, fibrous band' at the anterolateral aspect of the human knee, attached to the eponymous Segond fracture. To date, the enigma surrounding this anatomical structure is reflected in confusing names such as '(mid-third) lateral capsular ligament', 'capsulo-osseous layer of the iliotibial band' or 'anterolateral ligam...

The aims of the present study were to investigate the ultrasonographic appearance of the patellar ligaments in buffaloes before and after desmotomy. The medial, middle (intermediate) and lateral patellar ligaments, with upward fixation of the patella, were examined ultrasonographically in 12 adult buffaloes before and after medial patellar desmotomy. The results reveal that the ligaments were a...

During routine anatomical dissection of the right upper extremity of a 53-year-old woman cadaver, an unusual high-origin of the pronator teres muscle was discovered. The fibers of the aberrant muscle arose from two bone origins--the medial epicondyle and a small supracondylar process of the humerus, and from a tendinous arch (Struthers' ligament) extending between them. In addition, there was a...