Transmission spectra of thin metal films perforated by a high density of disordered sub-wavelength diameter cylindrical holes have been measured. The films, consisting of duplex layers of chromium and gold or chromium and silver, were characterised by perforations of mean diameter, hdi and fractional area coverage, F: films with hdi and F of 187F 50 nm and 0.21, and 340F 67 nm and 0.28 were stu...

Nuclei of medulloblastoma cells revealed two types of structural changes: formations of cistern-limited nuclear sheets and intranuclear vacuolar profiles or myelin figures. The cistern-limited nuclear sheets were extremely elongated and were contained on either side by the perinuclear cisterns. They were usually composed of a central granular or beaded heterochromatin layer between less dense l...

For many years it has been assumed that in silk fibroin, stretched hair and muscle, and other proteins with the ,3-keratin structure the polypeptide chains are extended to nearly their maximum length, about 3.6 A per residue, and during the last decade it has been assumed also that the chains form lateral hydrogen bonds with adjacent chains, which have the opposite orientation. A hydrogen-bonde...

Large sheet thermoforming is widely used for the manufacture of parts such as twin sheet formed gas tanks, body panels and windshields. These complex technical parts require a precise temperature map to be realized prior to forming. In particular, the material used for forming gas tanks incorporates an EVOH barrier layer that is susceptible to tearing when exact processing conditions are not st...

Thin glass sheets may be manufactured using a two-part process in which a sheet is first cast and then subsequently reheated and drawn to a required thickness. The latter redrawing process typically results in a sheet with non-uniform thickness and with smaller width than the cast glass block. Experiments suggest that the loss of width can be minimized and the non-uniformities can be essentiall...

Recently, observations from the Polar and Cluster satellites have indicated that largeamplitude kinetic Alfvén waves are observed throughout the plasma sheet, particularly at the plasma sheet boundary layers, during substorms. These waves may be directly produced by reconnection processes in the tail, or indirectly through linear or nonlinear mode conversion or by localized plasma flows in the ...

In this study, a smart single-layer graphene sheet (SLGS) is analytically modeled and its buckling is controlled using coupled polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) nanoplates. A voltage is applied to the PVDF nanoplate in thickness direction in order to control the critical load of the SLGS. Electric potential distribution is assumed as a combination of a half-cosine and linear variation in order to ...

shadow loss, and the sheet resistance and absorption losses associated with planar layers that facilitate lateral carrier transport to the grid fi ngers. [ 22,23 ] For high effi ciency silicon heterojunction (HIT) solar cells, contact design requires a trade-off between grid fi nger resistance and the sheet resistance and transmission losses of the transparent conducting oxide (TCO)/ amorphous ...

A layered construct was developed by combining a porous polymer sheet and a cell sheet as a tissue engineered vascular patch. The primary objective of this study is to investigate the influence of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) sheet on the tensile mechanical properties of porous poly-(l-lactide-co-ε-caprolactone) (PLCL) sheet. The porous PLCL sheet was fabricated by the solid-liquid phase separ...

Copper nanofiber networks, which possess the advantages of low cost, moderate flexibility, small sheet resistance, and high transmittance, are one of the most promising candidates to replace indium tin oxide films as the premier transparent electrode. However, the chemical activity of copper nanofibers causes a substantial increase in the sheet resistance after thermal oxidation or chemical cor...