The Shields-Harary numbers are a class of graph parameters thatmeasure a certain kind of robustness of a graph, thought of as a network of fortified reservoirs, with reference to a given cost function. We prove a result about the Shields-Harary numbers with respect to concave continuous cost functions which will simplify the calculation of these numbers for certain classes of graphs, including ...

Testing, as a form of retrieval, can enhance learning but it can also induce forgetting of related memories, a phenomenon known as retrieval-induced forgetting (RIF). In four experiments we explored whether selective retrieval and selective restudy of target memories induce forgetting of related memories with or without initial retrieval of the entire learning set. In Experiment 1, subjects stu...

Companies can use both debt and non-debt tax shields to accomplish avoidance. Using a quasi-experiment in China which the government implemented deleveraging regulations selected industries 2015, this study provides novel evidence of effect mandatory on corporate The results show that implementing leads an increase degree Mechanism analyses indicate curbs company's inclination take advantage be...

1Information Center for the Environment, Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of California, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, USA; 2PRBO Conservation Science, 3820 Cypress Drive #11, Petaluma, California 94954, USA; 3Avian Conservation and Ecology Lab, Department of Wildlife, Fish and Conservation Biology, University of California, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, Califo...

This is not a conformist book. Its thesis is bold: that political theorists and mainstream commentators have been looking for democracy in all the wrong places. The New Left's call for a reinvigorated, participatory democracy aligned " around contentious moral questions that animate citizens rather than bureaucratic, technical, or economic issues that tend to bewilder and subdue them " has been...

Sleep in the horse is essential for its overall health. Sleep disorders and lack of sleep can seriously compromise horses’ physical activity and even worse, quality of life. Limited information and lack of understanding of sleep and associated disorders may lead to inaccurate diagnosis and management. Authors’ addresses: Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, Tupper Hall 2108, One Shields Ave...

1. THE PHENOMENON Our work on adding the “missing user” to the telecommunication (telecom) policy discourse reaches back to the early 1990s.(1) Much like today, policy debates at the time raged over issues such as the upgrading of telecom networks and the need for new services, the (re)definition of universal service, the emergence of “information age” inequalities (e.g., the rural-urban divide...

M. Hong Nguyen,1 Mark C. Wissel,2 Ryan K. Shields,1 Martin A. Salomoni,2 Binghua Hao,1 Ellen G. Press,1 Ryan M. Shields,2 Shaoji Cheng,1 Dimitra Mitsani,1 Aniket Vadnerkar,1 Fernanda P. Silveira,1 Steven B. Kleiboeker,2 and Cornelius J. Clancy1,3 1Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; 2Viracor-IBT Laboratories, Lee's Summit, Missouri; and 3Department of Medicine, VA Pi...

 Introduction: Nowadays, applications of free-lead radiation shields are increased specially for weighting factor and toxicity of lead elements. Although touching the lead may be results in the nervousand blood system of body, it is not exactly proven yet. Protective measures are the fundamental parts of radiation protection. On the other hand, high weighting factor of lead sh...