Wireless Sensor Network is collection of wireless sensor nodes in which routing protocol is most challenging issue. Sensors have limited battery power. Battery extends the lifetime of sensor nodes. Energy utilization is one of the most important considerations. There are various routing techniques which increase lifetime of battery. One of the most energy efficient clustering routing protocols ...

Neural networks are good at classification, forecasting and recognition. They are also good candidates of financial forecasting tools. Forecasting is often used in the decision making process. Neural network training is an art. Trading based on neural network outputs, or trading strategy is also an art. We will discuss a seven-step neural network forecasting model building approach in this arti...

Challenges of wireless sensor networks under-optimization in field of research have been globally concerned. Generally, lifetime extension is still considered to be the most dominant challenge for WSNs. Clustering and routing protocols have been proposed as optimization solutions to extend WSNs lifetime. In this paper, we introduce a newly meta-heuristic population based soft computing algorith...

Energy efficiency, network lifetime, data transmission, end-to-end delay and reliable routing protocols for mobility centric are the major parameters used for wireless sensor network (WSN), and are maintained by various of protocols. Existing cluster-based mobile routing protocols such as LEACH, LEACH-Mobile, LEACH-Mobile Enhanced, CBR-Mobile, LFCP-MWSN consider energy efficiency of sensor node...

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) is an emerging area belonging to the wireless technologies that has recently developed interest among the industry and academic researchers and is expected to hold the market in the recent future. In WSN, transferring the data packets with efficient energy during transmission takes the most crucial role in this area, which on failure will result in problems like ...

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are highly integrated technologies applying sensor technology, micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) and wireless networks technologies. They are widely used in many applications to acquire and process information. Many routing protocols are proposed for controlling the networks. The main problem, which the WSN protocols face, is that the sensors‟ limited batte...

Data aggregation protocols are required in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) to improve the data accuracy and extend the network lifetime by reducing the energy consumption. The existing Data Aggregation-Optimal LEACH (DAO-LEACH) protocol for WSN is enhanced in terms of security and fault-tolerance based on Gracefully Degraded Data Aggregation (GDDA) to ensure the integrity of the aggregated data...

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are very popular in the real world applications such as battlefield monitoring; estimating traffic flows, monitor the natural phenomena, environmental changes etc. The limited size of battery is the main drawback of WSN. When the battery is exhausted then the several nodes die and of no use. To remove such type of failure in the network, many researches are carri...

Specialized transducers in wireless sensor networks that offer sensing services to the internet of things devices have limited storage and energy resources. One most vital issues WSN design is power usage, as it nearly impossible recharge or replace nodes’ batteries. A prominent role conserving for energy-constrained served by clustering algorithm. It possible reduce network usage lifespan prol...

Current generation wireless sensor routing algorithms and protocols have been designed based on a myopic routing approach, where the motes are assumed to have the same sensing and communication capabilities. Myopic routing is not a natural fit for the IoT, as it may lead to energy imbalance and subsequent short-lived sensor networks, routing the sensor readings over the most service-intensive s...