Future in-space and lunar operations will require significantly improved monitoring and Integrated System Health Management (ISHM) throughout the mission. In particular, the monitoring of chemical species is an important component of an overall monitoring system for space vehicles and operations. For example, in leak monitoring of propulsion systems during launch, inspace, and on lunar surfaces...

RATIONALE Although nitric oxide (NO) signaling modulates cardiac function and excitation-contraction coupling, opposing results because of inconsistent experimental conditions, particularly with respect to temperature, confound the ability to elucidate NO signaling pathways. Here, we show that temperature significantly modulates NO effects. OBJECTIVE To test the hypothesis that temperature pr...

Metabolic rates of mammals presumably increased during the evolution of endothermy, but molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying basal metabolic rate (BMR) are still not understood. It has been established that mitochondrial basal proton leak contributes significantly to BMR. Comparative studies among a diversity of eutherian mammals showed that BMR correlates with body mass and proton leak...

The mechanisms of mitochondrial proton (H+) leak under various pathophysiological conditions are poorly understood. In the present study it was hypothesized that different mechanisms underlie H+ leak in cardiac IR (ischaemia/reperfusion) injury and IPC (ischaemic preconditioning). Potential H(+) leak mechanisms examined were UCPs (uncoupling proteins), allosteric activation of the ANT (adenine ...

At our high-volume university bariatric center, the leak rate is 2.7% for primary VG and around 7% for corrective VG as a second procedure. We have made a special effort to implement a leak treatment algorithm based on our experience of more than 1100 cases, and we believe that leak treatment should be uniform and a combination of medical, radiological, endoscopic and surgical treatments. In ou...

BACKGROUND Double lumen dialysis catheters are routinely heparin or citrate 'locked' to maintain patency. Heparin lock-related bleeding episodes and antibiotic lock-related toxicity have been reported. The aim of this study is to quantify the amount of leak during 'lock' procedures and to compare leakage for different double lumen dialysis catheters. METHODS In an experimental, in vitro study...

BACKGROUND The effects of epidural needle design, angle, and bevel orientation on cerebrospinal fluid leak after puncture have not been reported. The impact of these factors on leak rate was examined using a dural sac model. Dural trauma was examined using scanning electron microscopy. METHODS Human cadaveric dura, mounted on a cylindrical model, was punctured with epidural needles using a mi...

Background: Colostomy is an artificial opening made in the large gut to divert faeces and flatus to the exterior OBJECTIVE: To compare the frequency of anastomotic leak in early versus delayed oral feeding after elective colostomy closure. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This randomized controlled study was conducted in Surgical department Hayatabad Medical Complex Peshawar from June 2012 to June 2014 af...