A clearly definable upper tolerance limit for chromosome arm length has been found. As a rule we postulate that, for normal development of an organism, the longest chromosome arm must not exceed half of the average length of the spindle axis at telophase. Above this length, fertility and viability of the carrier individuals become severely impaired due to increasingly incomplete separation of t...

We consider the distribution of the length of the longest subsequence avoiding an arbitrary pattern, π, in a random permutation of length n. The well-studied case of a longest increasing subsequence corresponds to π = 21. We show that there is some constant cπ such that as n → ∞ the mean value of this length is asymptotic to 2 √ cπn and that the distribution of the length is tightly concentrate...

Let G be a graph. We denote p(G) and c(G) the order of a longest path and the order of a longest cycle of G, respectively. Let κ(G) be the connectivity of G, and let σ3(G) be the minimum degree sum of an independent set of three vertices in G. In this paper, we prove that if G is a 2-connected graph with p(G) − c(G) ≥ 2, then either (i) c(G) ≥ σ3(G) − 3 or (ii) κ(G) = 2 and p(G) ≥ σ3(G)− 1. Thi...

Let $R$ be a commutative ring with identity and let $M$ be an $R$-module. A proper submodule $P$ of $M$ is called strongly prime submodule if $(P + Rx : M)ysubseteq P$ for $x, yin M$, implies that $xin P$ or $yin P$. In this paper, we study more properties of strongly prime submodules. It is shown that a finitely generated $R$-module $M$ is Artinian if and only if $M$ is Noetherian and every st...

It has been recognized that the existing routing architecture of today’s Internet is facing scalability problems. Although deployment of CIDR (Classless Inter-Domain Routing) slows the growth of global routing tables, LPM (longest prefix matching), which is greedily pursuing for more-specific prefixes, seriously restricts the advance of scalable routing. The prevalent LPM algorithm for routing ...

When thermal QCD crosses the critical temperature from below, its pressure density rises drastically, consistent with the picture of deconfinement and the release of partons as light degrees of freedom. On the other hand, the concept of partons is a perturbative one, whereas interactions with the infrared modes in the plasma always introduce non-perturbative contributions. Here I show how parto...

this study was carried out to compare the histomorphological structures of oviductal regionsof the apparently healthy adult laying hens (gallus gallus dometicus) and ducks (ansa ansadomesticus). for this purpose, 20 hens and 20 female ducks aged between 1–1.5 years were used.after euthanasia, the oviducts were dissected out and all of the gross morphometrical parametersincluding length, width a...