Lots of dam failures are the result uncontrolled seepage. The collapse Situ Gintung Dam in Tangerang, Banten-Indonesia 2009 due to heavy rains caused structure collapse. This is increased pore water pressure landfill. To anticipate seepage, it necessary monitor based on behavior changes rainfall and reservoir levels. Seepage within body often monitored using instrumentation tools such as standp...

Abstract Natural climate variability can mask the background trend of global mean sea-level (GMSL) caused by warming. Recent advances in satellite measurements and ocean heat-content estimates have enabled monitoring GMSL budget components provide insights into effects on Earth’s energy imbalance hydrology. We observed a decadal fluctuation rise, which coincides with an increasing 2010s after w...