A study is reported investigating the relationship between modality (major/minor) and dynamics (piano/forte) on four affects – as evident in the content of musical lyrics. Forty solo vocal works were sampled: 10 in the major mode with a loud (forte) dynamic level, 10 in the major mode with a quiet (piano) dynamic level, 10 in the minor mode with a loud dynamic level, and 10 in the minor mode wi...

This article presents a novel dual-mode five-level common grounded type (5L-DM-CGT) transformerless inverter topology for medium-power application with wide input voltage range (200–400 V). It consists of nine semiconductor switches, two inner flying-capacitors, and small LC filter at the output side. Due to direct connection negative terminal photovoltaic neutral point grid, there is no leakag...