Evidence There are no long-term RCTs, which leaves cohort and case-control studies as evidence. • The Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Canada1 and others2 have stated that evidence about the risk of VTE with different progestins is inconclusive owing to mixed results and a high risk of bias. • Some studies found no increased VTE risk with drospirenone3 or a transdermal patch.4 • S...

Controversial opinions exist about the possible mechanisms throughout emergency contraception prevents pregnancy. Recently, the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics and the International Consortium for Emergency Contraception released a Joint Statement declaring that 'inhibition or delay of ovulation should be their primary and possibly only mechanism of action'. They still ad...

Introduction: Jadelle (Levonorgestrel) implant is a long-acting reversible contraceptives which recommended for post-partum contraceptive device due to their high efficacy, convenience, and cost-effectiveness. The continuation of prevents unintended pregnancies maintain healthy spacing between the pregnancies, thus improving maternal child health outcomes. However, Government has endorsed as im...

OBJECTIVE To compare the acceptability, efficacy, adverse effects, and user satisfaction of the levonorgestrel intrauterine system (LNG-IUS) and trans-cervical resection of the endometrium (TCRE) for the treatment of menorrhagia. METHOD 104 women with menorrhagia were divided into 2 groups: 52 women had the LNG-IUS inserted and 52 underwent TCRE. Menstrual pattern, pictorial blood loss assess...

Unintended pregnancy is a significant global problem. In 2008, there were over 100 million unplanned pregnancies worldwide, representing approximately 41% of global conceptions. Family planning strategies in many countries are shifting from increasing the uptake of contraception among nonusers to increasing the uptake of the most effective methods among users of less effective methods. One of t...

The pharmacokinetics of the commonly used contraceptive steroids ethinyloestradiol and levonorgestrel were investigated after oral and intravenous administration in six women with cystic fibrosis. The results were compared with data obtained from healthy women of similar age. The total body clearance of ethinyloestradiol was significantly higher in the patients with cystic fibrosis (0.61 (SD 0....

OBJECTIVE This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of a miniaturized frameless copper IUD (GyneFix 200 small) and a copper-levonorgestrel (GynePlant) intrauterine system (IUS) on the amount of menstrual blood loss (MBL). METHODS In 60 Belgian women using GyneFix 200 and 21 using GynePlant, MBL was assessed with the visual assessment technique. RESULTS MBL scores in GyneFix 200 users ...

Mounting observational evidence suggests that use of certain types of hormonal contraception, specifically the progestin-only injectable depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA), may be associated with an increased risk of HIV acquisition in women [1]. This relationship has been examined in several observational studies and is currently being assessed in a randomized trial, the evidence for con...

Doctors working in general practice and at family planning clinics throughout the UK who collaborate in the UK Family Planning and Reproductive Health Research Network were responsible for the fitting of 692 Levonorgestrel Intra-uterine Systems (LNG IUS). This study was undertaken to determine the performance of the LNG IUS in British women in routine clinical use. The 12 months cumulative life...

Implantable contraceptive is likely to be a promising new option for fertility control, as we have entered the twenty-first century and the world’s population grows by one billion people in a single decade. The main objective of this study was to develop a subdermal implant for levonorgestrol (a synthetic progestin from 19-norandrostanes) using a high molecular weight biodegradable polymer , i....