background: nicotine can activate dopaminergic neurons within the ventral tegmental area (vta). however, there is no evidence about complete inhibition of vta on nicotine reinforcement. methods: in the present study, we used conditioned-place preference (cpp) method to study the effect of transient inhibition of left and/or right side of the vta by lidocaine on nicotine reward properties. male ...

OBJECTIVES To characterize the uptake, washout, and metabolism of lidocaine hydrochloride in the iris/ciliary body and cornea. METHODS Iris/ciliary body uptake of lidocaine hydrochloride was measured by incubating human and rabbit irides in radiolabeled carbon 14-1% lidocaine hydrochloride for 2 to 60 minutes. Washout was determined by incubating the iris in 14C-1% lidocaine hydrochloride for...

In order to reveal some cytotoxic features of lidocaine, the effects of lidocaine at sublethal concentrations (10 mM or less) on rat thymocytes were examined by the use of flow-cytometric technique with fluorescent probes. Treatment with lidocaine at 3-10 mM for 1-3 hr significantly increased intracellular Ca and Zn concentrations under normal condition. After the removal of external Ca and Zn,...

BACKGROUND Topical anesthetics are commonly applied for a variety of indications. Several lidocaine-containing topical anesthetics are available for purchase over the counter (OTC). Recently, the authors' group has shown that there is great interindividual discrepancy in the manner in which lidocaine is absorbed and metabolized for even a single OTC product. OBJECTIVES The authors compare fiv...

This study assessed the effect of low (10 mg ⋅ kg-1 ⋅ h-1) and very high (18 mg ⋅ kg-1 ⋅ h-1) doses of lidocaine on defibrillation energy requirements (DER) to relate changes in indexes of sodium-channel blockade with changes in DER values using a dose-response study design. In group 1 (control; n = 6 pigs), DER values were determined at baseline and during treatment with 5% dextrose in water (...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate intravenous lidocaine's safety and efficacy as an analgesic agent in the treatment of a variety of painful conditions presenting to the emergency department. METHODS This case series identified seventeen patients who received lidocaine over a six month period and recorded demographic data, amount of lidocaine administered, the amount of opioid medication administered bef...

BACKGROUND Pain on injection of rocuronium is a common clinical problem. We compared the efficacy of lidocaine, ketorolac, and the 2 in combination as pretreatment for the prevention of rocuronium-induced withdrawal movement. METHODS For this prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study a total of 140 patients were randomly allocated to one of 4 treatment groups to receive ...

Objective- This study was performed to investigate the analgesic effects of lidocaine and lidocaine/tramadol combination in epidural anaesthesia in dromedary camels. Design- Experimental Study Animals- Eight healthy immature dromedary camels Methods - The camels were randomly designed in 2 equal groups. In group L: lidocaine 2% (0.22 mg/kg) and in group LT: a combination of lidocaine 2% (0.22 m...

Lidocaine is an amide local anesthetic and clonidine is an antihypertensive (α2-adrenergic agonist). The use of these two drugs in combination is recommended to enhance the analgesic effect of lidocaine. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of clonidine co-administration on the extent of lidocaine binding to rat serum, heart and maxillofacial tissues in vivo and in vitro. Thir...

objective: to compare the efficacy of emla cream and lidocaine injection to reduce pain during episiotomy repair. materials and methods: a total of 46 primiparous women with normal pregnancy who referred for normal vaginal delivery and needed episiotomy repair were selected and randomly divided into two groups. for emla group, one hour before the estimated time of delivery, 5g of emla cream was...