Abstract We experimentally characterize the positions of diffraction maxima a phase grating on screen, for laser light at oblique incidence (so-called off-plane or conical diffraction). discuss general case geometries and derive basic equations maxima, in particular their angular dependence. In contrast to previously reported work (Jetty et al. Am J Phys 80:972, 2012), our reasoning is solely b...

We review the present developments in the design of ultra-low emittance storage ring light sources those having emittances approaching the diffraction limit for multi-keV X-ray production and the associated design challenges. An overview is presented of the design approaches for these 4 generation storage ring (4GSR) light sources now in construction or being studied for near-term implementatio...

We introduce periodic photonic structures where the strength of diffraction can be managed in a very broad frequency range. We show how to design arrays of curved waveguides where light beams experience wavelength-independent normal, anomalous, or zero diffraction. Our results suggest opportunities for efficient self-collimation, focusing, and reshaping of beams produced by white-light and supe...

This paperpresents a unified model for the detection and removal of line scratches. It is based on modelling the scratch effect by allowing for the diffraction of light. The paper gives some evidence as to why light diffraction can give rise ro scrarches. The physical modelling of the defect along with its classification as region of partially missing data allows very good resulrs borh in detec...

A Fresnel lens with electrically-tunable diffraction efficiency while possessing high image quality is demonstrated using a phase-separated composite film (PSCOF). The light scattering-free PSCOF is obtained by anisotropic phase separation between liquid crystal and polymer. Such a lens can be operated below 12 volts and its switching time is reasonably fast (~10 ms). The maximum diffraction ef...

How Superresolution with ELYRA S.1 works The resolving power of a light microscope is limited to approximately 200nm in the lateral (XY) and 500nm in the axial (Z) direction. This so-called diffraction limit has been fi rst described by Ernst Abbe in 1873 (reference 1) and still holds true today. In simple terms, it posits that objects cannot be resolved with a conventional light microscope if ...

Future optical data transmission modules will require the integration of more than 10,000 x 10,000 input and output channels to increase data transmission rates and capacity. This level of integration, which greatly exceeds that of a conventional diffraction-limited photonic integrated circuit, will require the use of waveguides with a mode confinement below the diffraction limit, and also the ...

In manufacturing industry, bonding wires are used to interconnect the pads of a semiconductor chip to terminals of a package containing the chip [1]. With increasing demand of fine wires, current detection apparatus encounters some limitations. In this paper, a method to detect breakage of fine bonding wires using diffraction of light is proposed, where a laser head generates the light beam, an...

Ideal integrating nephelometers integrate light scattered by particles over all directions. However, real nephelometers truncate light scattered in near-forward and near-backward directions below a certain truncation angle ~typically 7°!. This results in truncation errors, with the forward truncation error becoming important for large particles. Truncation errors are commonly calculated using M...