The present paper reports the study of binary mixtures and their properties over the entire range of composition at temperatures 288, 298, 308 and 318 K. Excess dielectric constant, excess molar volume, excess refractive index, molar refraction and excess molar refraction at different temperatures have been computed from the experimentally measured values of the aforesaid parameters and fitted ...

BACKGROUND It has been reported that exposure to artificial lighting at night during the first 2 years of life was very strongly associated with subsequent myopia development. METHODS The strength of this association was tested in a UK sample for the first time. The study population comprised 122 university students. RESULTS Myopia occurred with approximately equal frequency in those who sl...

In his 1758 book, Lambert (1728–1777) established the most compact expression of refraction integral, and developed it in a power series sine or tangent zenithal distance. He then examined geodetic consequences curvature light rays.

Ultrafast laser techniques have opened up a tremendous research opportunity in studying the interaction of short pulses of light with matter. With discovering of the picosecond photoconducting hertzian dipoles and high-brightness THz beams characterized with an ultrafast detector, we have seen more and more applications of ultrafast light in noninvasive imaging. Standard methods, when applied t...

It is well known that refraction of light at interfaces leads to a beam displacement for oblique incidence of light onto a slab of material. In ray optics and for homogeneous isotropic materials, the sign of this beam displacement is strictly identical to the sign of the refractive index. Our numerical calculations reveal negative beam displacements from state-of-the-art double-fishnet-type pho...

Several possibilities for the use of elastic light scattering in the backscatter range (scattering angle theta(s) > 140 deg) for determination of size, velocity, and refractive index of spherical particles are investigated. First the phase Doppler technique is considered. Numerical simulations of light scattering with the Lorenz-Mie theory are used to show that the phase Doppler technique is un...

The phase velocity of light is co–parallel to the direction of energy flow in classical vacuum. However, in certain uncommon materials, these two vectors can be oppositely directed, in which case the phase velocity is termed ‘negative’. This negative phase velocity (NPV) gives rise to many exotic phenomenons, such as negative refraction, inverse Doppler shift and inverse C̆erenkov radiation, and...

Absolute negative refraction regions for both polarizations of electromagnetic wave in two-dimensional photonic crystal have been found through both the analysis and the exact numerical simulation. Especially, absolute all-angle negative refraction for both polarizations has also been demonstrated. Thus, the focusing and image of unpolarized light can be realized by a microsuperlens consisting ...

Using experiments and theory, we show that light scattering by inhomogeneities in the index of refraction of a fluid can drive a large-scale flow. The experiment uses a near-critical, phase-separated liquid, which experiences large fluctuations in its index of refraction. A laser beam traversing the liquid produces a interface deformation on the scale of the experimental setup and can cause a l...

We propose two practical realizations of the point-dipole crystal, shown previously to be capable of negative refraction and other metamaterial and plasmonic properties. These are: an array of highly polarizable spheres, and the complementary array of spherical cavities in a highly polarizable medium. We study light propagation through these polaritonic crystals and show that they are capable o...