The objective of this research is to develop an accurate numerical method to be used in showing the deformation of a liquid fuel droplet in a convective field. To simultaneously solve the internal liquid droplet flow field as well as the external gas phase flow field, a nonstaggered rectangular grid system without any coordinate transformation is used. Transition from the gas field to the liqui...

This thesis addresses some known difficulties in the field of liquid | liquid electrochemistry by presenting novel means of controlling mass transfer, monolayermodification of the interface, and probing interfacial reactivity. A novel rectangular channel flow electrochemical cell suitable for studying charge transfer at liquid | liquid interfaces is presented. The organic phase is immobilised u...

D. Chemical Reactions at Interfaces 1348 E. Electrochemistry 1350 F. Some Environmentally Interesting SH Studies 1351 G. Structural Phase Transitions 1351 H. Chiral Interfaces 1353 III. Dynamics at Liquid Interfaces 1354 A. Adsorption Kinetics to Air/Water Interfaces 1354 B. Electron Transfer at a Liquid/Liquid Interface 1355 C. Photoisomerization at Aqueous Interfaces 1355 D. Orientational Rel...

When a binary liquid is confined by a strongly repulsive wall, the local density is depleted near the wall and an interface similar to that between the liquid and its vapor is formed. This analogy suggests that the composition of the binary liquid near this interface should exhibit spatial modulation similar to that near a liquid-vapor interface even if the interactions of the wall with the two...

In a liquid-liquid interface bioreactor, fungal cells locate in a hydrophilic polyacrylonitrile microsphere layer on an aqueous-organic interface. In this article, effects of hydrophobicity of the interface on n-decane hydroxylation activity of Monilliera sp. NAP 00702 was examined. (-)-4-Decanol production was significantly enhanced to 132% by addition of polytetrafluoroethylene.

Quantitative polarity scales have been of great value in advancing our understanding of chemical and physical processes in bulk solvents. However, an understanding of the polarity at liquid interfaces has been more elusive and no scale of interface polarity currently exists. Following our demonstration that second harmonic spectroscopy can be used to measure interface polarity, we have determin...

The interface between the vapor and liquid phase of quadrupolar-dipolar fluids is the seat of an electric interfacial potential whose influence on ion solvation and distribution is not yet fully understood. To obtain further microscopic insight into water specificity we first present extensive classical molecular dynamics simulations of a series of model liquids with variable molecular quadrupo...

Evaporation of a liquid from a meniscus has been observed to generate vortical motion and instabilities both on the interface and in the bulk liquid. The aim of this work is to develop and demonstrate an automated scanning particle image velocimetry (PIV) system to visualize and quantify the time-resolved threedimensional evaporation-driven velocity field inside the bulk liquid. The evaporating...

We analyze two nonlinear optofluidic processes where nonlinearity is induced by the interplay between optical field and liquid interface. Specifically, guided optical waves generate radiation pressure on the liquid interface, which can in turn distort the liquid interface and modify the properties of the optical field. In the first example, we discuss the feasibility of nonlinear optofluidic so...

We have used synchrotron x rays to study three different liquids near solid-liquid interfaces. For either ultrathin (45-90 A) or thick ( approximately 5000 A) liquid films on silicon substrates, we find (on the basis of diffraction peaks or specular reflectivity data) that the molecules form 3-6 layers at the interface, with plane spacings close to the molecular dimensions. Rough surfaces and/o...