Web link analysis has been proven to provide significant enhancement to the precision of web search in practice. The PageRank algorithm, used in the Google Search Engine, plays an important role in improving the quality of results by employing an explicit hyperlink structure among the Web pages. The prestige of Web pages defined by PageRank is derived solely from surfers’ random walk on the Web...

We study the algebraizability of the logics constructed using literal-paraconsistent and literal-paracomplete matrices described by Lewin and Mikenbergin[11] proving that theyare all algebraizable in the sense of Blok We study the algebraizability of the logics constructed using literal-paraconsistent and literal-paracomplete matrices described by Lewin and Mikenberg in [11], proving that they ...

Closed head injury (CHI) is associated with communication difficulties in everyday social interactions. Previous work has reported impaired comprehension of sarcasm, using sarcastic remarks where the intended meaning is the opposite of the sincere or literal meaning. Participants with CHI in the present study were assessed using two types of sarcastic items, those with a directly opposite meani...

consisting of a conjunction of clauses, where a clause is a disjunction of literals; a literal is either a variable v (a positive literal) or the negation of a variable ¬v (a negative literal). We are to decide if there is an assignment to the variables satisfying the formula, that is, an assignment under which every clause contains at least one true literal. The example formula is satisfied by...

consisting of a conjunction of clauses, where a clause is a disjunction of literals; a literal is either a variable v (a positive literal) or the negation of a variable ¬v (a negative literal). We are to decide if there is an assignment to the variables satisfying the formula, that is, an assignment under which every clause contains at least one true literal. The example formula is satisfied by...

In the past decades, there has been much progress in the formal Semantics of ordinary language. Logicians, linguists and philosophers have extensively used logical formalisms in order to interpret directly or after translation important fragments of actual natural languages. They have thereby contributed to the foundations of the theory of sentence meaning. In formal Semantics, speaker meaning ...

Literal and figurative meanings are two ends of a continuum we can not talk about sharp distinction between these meaning types (Dirven, 2002; Gibbs & Colston, 2012; Radden, 2002). Such exhibits different degrees figurativity. Radden (2002) considers this as literal-metonymy-metaphor continuum; where Dirven focuses on conceptual closeness distance the continuum. This study aims to analy...

Pictures (non-affective) 3 1 0 4 24 Abstract Pictures (affective) 0 0 0 0 0Pictures (affective) 0 0 0 0 0 Literal Pictures (non-affective) 28 0 13 28 29 Literal Pictures (affective) 0 1 0 0 0

Metonymic location names refer to other, related entities and possess a meaning different from the literal, geographic sense. Metonymic names are to be treated differently to improve performance of geographic information retrieval (GIR). This paper presents a method for disambiguating location names in textual information to distinguish literal and metonymic senses, based on shallow features. T...