forest canopy rainfall interception loss (i), canopy water storage (s), and the ratio of mean evaporation to mean rainfall intensity () are important components of the water balance in arid and semi-arid climate zones. the goal of this project was to quantify i and s and to evaluate the gash interception model for rainfall interception in a mature semi-arid pinus eldarica medw afforestation pla...

Objective(s): The effect of litter size and suckling intensity on the expression of KiSS-1 mRNA in the arcuate nucleus (ARC) of rats were evaluated. Materials and Methods: Thirty two pregnant and four non-lactating ovariectomized (as control group) rats were used in this experiment. Lactating rats were allotted to eight equal groups. In three groups, litter size was adjusted to 5, 10, or 15 pup...

Plant litter is an indispensable component of constructed wetlands, but how the submergence of plant litter affects their ecosystem functions and services, such as water purification, is still unclear. Moreover, it is also unclear whether the effects of plant litter submergence depend on other factors such as the duration of litter submergence, water source or litter species identity. Here we c...

Binary standard object models, such as Microsoft’s Component Object Model (COM) enable the development of not just reusable components, but also an incredible variety of useful component services through run-time interception of binary standard interfaces. Interception of binary components can be used for conformance testing, debugging, profiling, transaction management, serialization and locki...

This paper solves the problem of intercepting a moving object in FIFO graphs. In the graph, a first mobile (the target) is moving with a known fixed itinerary. The second mobile (the pursuer) aims to reach the first one with the minimum delay. So, our goal is to find the shortest path for the interception taking into account the dynamic nature of the graph. This interception problem can be appl...

In this paper, we present a generic task-allocation methodology for time-optimal, autonomous on-line interception of multiple dynamic targets by a team of robotic pursuers. The proposed novel methodology is applicable to problems consisting of numerous variations of multiple pursuers and targets. The targets are assumed to be highly maneuverable with a priori unknown, though real-time trackable...

Measuring forest floor interception in a beech forest in Luxembourg A. M. J. Gerrits, H. H. G. Savenije, L. Hoffmann, and L. Pfister Water Resources Section, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Delft University of Technology, P.O. Box 5048, 2600 GA Delft, The Netherlands Department Environment and Agro-biotechnologies, Centre de Recherche Public – Gabriel Lippmann, 41, rue du Brill, 4...

Canopy interception plays an important role in determining the amount of rainfall reaching the forest floor. During a rainfall event, water either penetrates the canopy falling directly to the understory of the forest floor, or is intercepted by the canopy. From there it can drip to the ground surface, flow down tree stems, or be held and evaporated. The portion that falls directly to the groun...

This paper discusses a control algorithm for the interception of a mobile target. The application domain is robot soccer in which the target is a ball while the interceptor is a wheeled robot. A case study of a wheeled robot approaching a target in a given direction is presented in detail. A shoot function has been developed, using the proposed algorithm, which calculates the robot wheel veloci...

Resource availability is an important ecosystem attribute that can influence species distributions and ecosystem processes. We manipulated the quantity of leaf litter, a critical resource in streams, in a replicated field experiment to test whether: 1) greater litter quantity promotes microbial leaf decomposition (through greater microbial inoculum potential), and 2) reduced litter quantity enh...