5.9 million children under age five died in 2015, 16 000 every day. globally, under-five mortality rate has decreased by 53%, from an estimated rate of 91 deaths per 1000 live births in 1990 to 43 deaths per 1000 live births in 2015. the average annual rate of reduction in under-five mortality has accelerated from 1.8%  a year over the period 1990–2000 to 3.9%  for 2000–2015 , but remains insuf...

abstract objective neural tube defects including anencephaly, encephalocele, and spina bifida are major congenital malformations with multifactorial etiology, and with a great variation in their prevalence in different populations. the study on the prevalence of these malformations may be helpful in planning strategies for their prevention. the aim of this epidemiologic descriptive study was to...

BACKGROUND Congenital heart disease (CHD) represents one of the most prevalent congenital malformations. However, few studies use whole-population screening by colour Doppler ultrasonic diagnostic system to identify CHD among live infants. We estimate the prevalence of CHD and its major risk indicators among infants aged less than 6 months in urban Tianjin, China. METHODS A colour Doppler ult...

Births According to provisional reports, an estimated 340,000 births occurred in the United States during April 1997. This was an 8-percent increase from the provisional number of births reported for April 1996 (314,000). The birth rate, 15.5 live births per 1,000 population, was 7 percent higher than the rate of 14.5 for April 1996. The fertility rate, 69.4 live births per 1,000 women 15–44 ye...

Births According to provisional reports, an estimated 282,000 births occurred in the United States during February 1997. This was a decrease of 1 percent from the provisional number of births reported for February 1996 (286,000). The birth rate, 13.8 live births per 1,000 population, was 1 percent higher than the rate of 13.7 for February 1996. The fertility rate, 61.6 live births per 1,000 wom...

Births According to provisional reports, an estimated 323,000 births occurred in the United States during June 1997. This was a 6-percent increase from the provisional number of births reported for June 1996 (304,000). The birth rate, 14.7 live births per 1,000 population, was 5 percent higher than the rate of 14.0 for June 1996. The fertility rate, 65.7 live births per 1,000 women aged 15–44 y...

Births According to provisional reports, an estimated 300,000 births occurred in the United States during December 1995. This was a decrease of 4 percent from the provisional number of births reported for December 1994 (314,000). The birth rate, 13.4 live births per 1,000 population, was 5 percent lower than the rate of 14.1 for December 1994. The fertility rate, 59.3 live births per 1,000 wome...

Births According to provisional reports, an estimated 343,000 births occurred in the United States during July 1997. This was the same as the provisional number of births reported for July 1996. The birth rate, 15.1 live births per 1,000 population , was 1 percent lower than the rate of 15.3 for July 1996. The fertility rate, 67.6 live births per 1,000 women 15–44 years, was slightly lower than...

BACKGROUND Despite restoration of fertility after kidney transplantation, the benefit is limited in female kidney recipients. Our objective is to determine the reasons for this discrepancy. METHODS We evaluated 315 women who underwent kidney transplantation from 1983 to 2015 (a median of age at transplantation [10th-90th percentile] of 32 years [7-55 years]); 230 recipients between the ages o...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate gestation-specific risks of stillbirth, neonatal and post-neonatal mortality. DESIGN Retrospective analysis of 171,527 notified births (1989-1991) and subsequent infant survival at one year, from community child health records. SETTING Notifications from maternity units in the North East Thames Region, London. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The incidence of births, stillbirth...