Due to chronic morbidity, the risk of increasing drug resistance and the existence of the hypnozoite stage in Plasmodium vivax malaria, there is a need to find out how hosts develop immunity to compromise the malaria parasites. Here we focused on an in vitro model for immunotherapy and vaccine development. Immunosuppressive mechanisms in malaria include inhibition of T cell response and suppres...

Background: Generation of monocyte-derived dendritic cells (MDDC) is induced in the presence of GM-CSF and IL-4, and a maturation stimulus is added to the monocyte culture to obtain mature Dendritic Cells (DCs) suitable for therapy. TNF-α is the most common cytokine used for activating DCs and generating mature MDDC either alone or in combination with other cytokines. Objective: To compare effe...

background: the langerhans cells (lcs) are dendritic cells (dcs) which belong to the group of antigen presenting cells (apcs). their function is to recognize the antigen, capture it, and present it to the t lymphocytes; thus initiating an early immune response. the antigen presenting functional lcs may play an important part in initiation and development of gingivitis. the aim of this study was...

Lymphatics and lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) possess multiple immunological functions besides affecting immune cell migration, such as inhibiting T cell proliferation and antigen presentation by dendritic cells. Moreover, they control the trans-endothelial transport of multiple molecules and antigens. Emerging evidence suggest their active involvements in immunregulation, tumor, and metast...

Liver is an exclusive anatomical and immunological organ that displays a considerable tolerance effect. Liver allograft acceptance is shown to occur spontaneously within different species. Although in human transplant patients tolerance is rarely seen, the severity level and cellular mechanisms of transplant rejection vary. Non-paranchymal liver cells, including Kupffer cells, liver sinusoidal ...

background nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (nafld) is the most common cause of chronic liver disease in western world. however, nafld shows an increasing trend in china every year, which has attracted the attention of national health authorities. the previous studies have shown that nafld caused severe gastrointestinal motor disorders, but little is known about the interstitial cells of cajal ...

objective: it is believed that monocyte isolation methods and maturation factors affect the phenotypic and functional characteristics of resultant dendritic cells (dc). in the present study, we compared two monocyte isolation methods, including plastic adherence-dendritic cells (adh-dc) and magnetic activated cell sorting- dendritic cells (macs-dc), and their effects on phagocytic activity of d...

Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) has long been associated with regulation and modulation of the immune system in a variety mammals. In last several decades, AFP linked to autoimmune diseases (ADs) during both pregnancy non-gestational disorders via an immunomodulatory function. The course ADs are highly influenced by soluble factors such as cytokines, chemokines, interleukins, hormones, kinins, growth f...

three new complexes of formula [pd(bpy)(r-nh-css)] cl (where bpy is 2/2′- bipyridine, and r-nh-css is butylamine, hexylamine- and octyamine-dithiocabamate anion) have been synthesized by university of sistan and blachostan. these complexes have been characterized by spectroscopic methods such as ultraviolet-visible, infrared and 1h-nmr as well as conductivity measurements and chemical analysis....

Abstract Background Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) is a malignant tumor originating from the secondary bile duct and its branch epithelium. Among primary liver tumors, incidence of ICC second only to hepatocellular carcinoma. Tumor microenvironment can regulate occurrence development tumors. This study dedicated finding more markers that diagnose by differential cells between normal tiss...