Recently, numerous types of posterior dynamic stabilization (PDS) devices have been introduced as an alternative to the fusion devices for the surgical treatment of degenerative lumbar spine. It is hypothesized that the use of ‘compliant’ materials such as Nitinol (Ni–Ti alloy, elastic modulus = 75 GPa) or polyether-etherketone (PEEK, elastic modulus = 3.2 GPa) in PDS can restore stability of t...

This paper presents a method for qualitative and quantitative analysis of load sharing algorithms, using a number of well known examples as illustration. Algorithm design choices are considered with respect to the main activities of information dissemination and allocation decision making. We argue that nodes must be capable of making local decisions, and for this efficient state dissemination ...

Three policies, namely Optimal Repacking, Least Load Routing, and Bernoulli Splitting, are considered for dynamic resource allocation in load sharing networks with standard Erlang type statistics. Large deviations principles are established for the three policies in a simple network of three consumer types and two resource locations, and are used to identify the network overrow exponents. The o...

The most critical property exhibited by a heavy-tailed workload distribution (found in many WWW workloads) is that a very small fraction of tasks make up a large fraction of the workload, making the load very difficult to distribute in a distributed system. Load balancing and load sharing are the two predominant load distribution strategies used in such systems. Load sharing generally has bette...

We apply some of the existing web server redundancy techniques for high service availability and scalability to the relatively new IP telephony context. The paper compares various failover and load sharing methods for registration and call routing servers based on the Session Initiation Protocol (SIP). In particular, we consider SIP server failover techniques based on the clients, DNS (Domain N...

In this paper; we propose a framework to study how to effectively perform load sharing in multipath coinnumication networks. A generalized load sharing (GLS) model has been developed to conceptualize how trafic is split ideally on a set of active paths. A simple trafic splitting algorithm, called weighted fair routing ( WFR), has been developed at two different granularity levels, namely, the p...

Many of the factors that are driving the development and the adoption of grids, such as scale, dynamic and distributed characteristics and heterogeneity, are also pushing to the forefront service quality issues in grid computing. These include performance, reliability and security. Although grid middleware can address some of these issues, it has become imperative to ensure adequate service pro...

The aging intensity functions analyze the property quantitatively, in sense that larger intensity, stronger tendency of aging. They are useful tools to describe reliability properties distributions. In literature, have been studied univariate and bivariate case but without considering possibility observing a dynamic history. this paper, concept function is extended multivariate by use condition...