Tumescent anesthesia is a local anesthetic technique that consists of the infiltration of a large volume of solution with a low concentration of the local anesthetic agent and epinephrine. Its main advantages are that it achieves adequate anesthesia and a significant reduction in intraoperative and postoperative bleeding, leading to greater ease of surgery with the added benefit that it facilit...

Background: Lidocaine, the first commercialized amide local anesthetic, is still the most widely used anesthetic in some countries. It is considered as a reference for new local anesthetics. Bupivacaine, an amide-type local anesthetic, provides prolonged analgesia and is indicated when post-operative pain is anticipated. Aim: To compare efficacy of lidocaine with and without bupivacaine as a de...

PURPOSE The purpose of this survey is to evaluate current usage of local and topical anesthesia by Pediatric Dentist to evaluate the current practices. METHODS Surveys were sent to 3051 pediatric dentists asking about types of anesthetics, considerations in determining local anesthetic dosage, time used to inject a cartridge and shortcomings of topical preparations. Data were computed for per...

OBJECTIVE To analyze the effect of infiltration of local anesthetics on postoperative pain relief. DESIGN Prospective randomized double-blind trial. Setting. University Teaching Hospital in Barbados, West Indies. PATIENTS Patients undergoing total abdominal hysterectomy. Interventions. Patients were randomly allocated into one of four groups according to the wound infiltration: 1) preoperat...

Selective nerve root blocks (SNRB) have been used for many years as a diagnostic tool in patients with low back pain with radicular symptoms. However the accuracy, specificity, and sensitivity of these blocks has been questioned as a screening tool for spine surgery. The utility of current SNRB techniques relies primarily on the relief of pain when local anesthetic is injected. However, patient...

A relatively large group of compounds, which includes local anesthetics, antiarrhythmics, and anticonvulsants induce voltage-and/or frequency-dependent block of sodium and other ion channels. Current block increases as the stimulus voltage and frequency of depo-larization is increased. These voltage-and frequency-dependent blocking properties have been recognized for over 40 yr (Weidmann, 1955)...

  Clonidine, an α2-adrenergic receptor agonist not only induces analgesia but also prolongs the effects of local anesthetic substances. In the present study the effects of clonidine on spontaneous and formalin-induced electrical activity from dorsal skin nerve were investigated. The results showed that clonidine (0.5 mM) decreased the formalin effect on electrical nerve activity whereas clonidi...

Hundreds of substances possess anesthetic action. However, despite decades of research and tests, a golden rule is required to reconcile the diverse hypothesis behind anesthesia. What makes an anesthetic to be local or general in the first place? The specific targets on proteins, the solubility in lipids, the diffusivity, potency, action time? Here we show that there could be a new player equal...