This review highlights recent studies of the anatomical and functional implications of brain aromatase (estrogen synthase) expression in two vertebrate lineages, teleost fishes and songbirds, that show remarkably high levels of adult brain aromatase activity, protein and gene expression compared to other vertebrate groups. Teleosts and birds have proven to be important neuroethological models f...

Objective(s): Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the most common causes of death and disability in modern societies. The role of steroids and melatonin is recognized as a neuroprotective factor in traumatic injuries. This study examined the role of melatonin receptors in the neuroprotective effects of estrogen. Materials and Methods: Seventy female ovariectomized Wistar rats were divided in...

the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of 8 weeks of selective exercise activity and estrogen supplement on satellite cells in ovariectomized sprague-dawley rats. at first, subjects were ovariectomized and after one month of complete recovery, they were randomly divided into four groups: control, exercise activity, estrogen supplement, and exercise and estrogen supplement. only exe...

local autoreactive T cells that had previously ignored epithelial self-antigens. IFNand RbAp48 were also found in epithelial cells of patients with Sjögren’s syndrome. Professional APCs seem to be required to start or maintain autoimmunity when estrogen levels are normal, as transferring T cells from transgenic lymph nodes into nontransgenic mice initiated gland cell destruction only if APCs we...

Management considerations Pretreatment evaluation Vasomotor symptoms Urogenital and Vaginal symptoms The role of local vaginal estrogen for treatment of vaginal atrophy in postmenopausal women Progestogen indication Venous thromboembolism Stroke Diabetes mellitus Breast cancer Endometrial cancer Ovarian cancer Colorectal cancer Gallbladder disease Osteoporosis Dementia and cognitive decline Dep...

Endometriosis is an estrogen-dependent disease. The biologically active estrogen, estradiol, aggravates the pathological processes (e.g., inflammation and growth) and the symptoms (e.g., pain) associated with endometriosis. Abundant quantities of estradiol are available for endometriotic tissue via several mechanisms including local aromatase expression. The question remains, then, what mediate...

background: breast cancer is the most common cancer in women, containing approximately one third of all illnesses in women. assessment of molecular markers is valuable in predicting the outcome of disease and decision making for optimal treatment. the purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between estrogen and progesterone receptors with her-2, ki67, p53, and clinicopathologica...

local autoreactive T cells that had previously ignored epithelial self-antigens. IFNand RbAp48 were also found in epithelial cells of patients with Sjögren’s syndrome. Professional APCs seem to be required to start or maintain autoimmunity when estrogen levels are normal, as transferring T cells from transgenic lymph nodes into nontransgenic mice initiated gland cell destruction only if APCs we...

OBJECTIVE To support the practitioner in the diagnosis of vaginal atrophy and in the management of the related symptoms. OPTIONS The modalities of evaluation range from basic pelvic examination, examination of the vulva, and laboratory tests. OUTCOMES A comprehensive approach to the detection of vaginal atrophy and a discussion of available therapeutic and nontherapeutic options. EVIDENCE...