Terminating functional programs should be deterministic, i.e., should evaluate to a unique result, regardless of the evaluation order. For equational functional programs such determinism is exactly captured by the ground confluence property. For terminating equations this is equivalent to ground local confluence, which follows from local confluence. Checking local confluence by computing critic...

Earthquake-induced crustal deformation and ground shaking can alter stream flow and water levels in wells through consolidation of surficial deposits, fracturing of solid rocks, aquifer deformation, and the clearing of fracture-filling material. Although local conditions affect the type and amplitude of response, a compilation of reported observations of hydrological response to earthquakes ind...

This study of the effects of local geological conditions on seismic ground motion uses 1D amplification as a reference point and examines, via simple theoretical and more realistic numerical examples and observations, how 2D and 3D conditions differ from 1D estimations. Because 1D simulations cannot model basin and edge effects, 1D response tends, in general, to exhibit lower peaks and be of sh...

This paper investigates the induced stresses in circular single deck roofs floating on seismically excited storage tanks. Equations of motion are derived using variational principle. Response of deck floating roofs is evaluated for two different classes of ground motions; near-source and long-period far-field records. Besides time histories and frequency contents for a specific tank, peak value...

in this paper, the consequences of well-known characteristics of near-fault ground motions, forward directivity and fling step, on the seismic response control is investigated. an integrated fuzzy rule-based control strategy for building structures incorporated with semi active friction damping system with amplifying braces (fdsab) is developed. the membership functions and fuzzy rules of fuzzy...

To evaluate the earth seismic response due to earthquake effects, ground response analyses are used to predict ground surface motions for development of design response spectra, to compute dynamic stresses and strains for evaluation of liquefaction hazards, and to determine the earthquake induced forces that can lead to instability of earth and earth-retaining structures. Most of the analytical...

Reinforced concrete frame buildings with Open Ground Story (OGS) are one of the most common building configurations in urban habitat. These configurations are known to be vulnerable to seismic excitations, primarily due to the sudden loss in strength in the ground story and differential stiffness distribution throughout the structure. The differential stiffness distribution is attributed primar...