There is mixed evidence regarding the relationship between the extractive intensity of economic activity and the level of human development. Some studies find that mineraland energy-intensive economies have higher levels of development than economies without a substantial extractive sector, whereas others find that they have lower development levels. Those that find the negative relationship co...

 Background: Bilateral neck exploration is the gold standard for parathyroid adenoma localization in primary hyperparathyroidism. But surgeons do not have adequate experience for accurate surgical exploration and new methods are developed for surgery like unilateral exploration and minimally invasive surgery, thus, preoperative localization could reduces time and stress in surgical performance....

Daily changes in the logarithm of stock market index from 1997 to 2004 are analyzed for countries from three subgroups of economies classified by the International Monetary Fund (IMF): developing Asian countries, newly industrialized Asian economies and major advanced economies. For all markets, the daily changes are well fitted by a non-Gaussian stable probability density. The time evolution o...

a r t i c l e i n f o We introduce limited commitment into a standard optimal fiscal policy model in small open economies. We consider the problem of a benevolent government that signs a risk-sharing contract with the rest of the world, and that has to choose optimally distortionary taxes on labor income, domestic debt and international transfers. Both the home country and the rest of the world...

In developed economies, the sign of the price increment influences the volatility in an asymmetric fashion--negative increments tend to result in larger volatility (increments with larger magnitudes), while positive increments result in smaller volatility. We explore whether this asymmetry extends from developed economies to European transition economies and, if so, how such asymmetry changes o...

• Since the crisis, most East Asian governments recognise the urgent need to strengthen regulations to increase corporate transparency and enforce better treatment of outside investors; this is essential to support regional economies transition from a relationship to a rules based business model and enable their return to robust growth. • In the region's most advanced economies, corporate discl...

This paper essentially focuses on the belated regionalization attempts of the South Asian economies and myriad of problems that are coming in their way to forming a smoothly functioning free trade area and regional integration agreement. Notwithstanding their efforts, progress so far has been tardy. Although South Asian economies took several liberalization measures during the 1990-2005 period,...

The present note shows that the concept of a distribution economy (Hildenbrand (1974)) is closely related to a framework of an exchange economy in which the agents’ individual characteristics (i.e. preferences and endowments) are random (Hildenbrand (1971), Bhattacharya and Majumdar (1973), Föllmer (1974)). A random exchange economy is fully specified by the distribution of the family of random...