The field of artificial intelligence (AI), as we understand it now, got its impetus during a two-month workshop organized by John McCarthy (Stanford University), one of the founding fathers of AI, in Dartmouth in the summer of 1956. The term Artificial Intelligence was coined at this workshop. Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), IBM, Princeton, Carnegie Mellon University (CMU) were wel...

Because of their complementary strengths, optimization and constraint programming can be profitably merged. Their integration has been the subject of increasing commercial and research activity. This paper summarizes and contrasts the characteristics of the two fields; in particular, how they use logical inference in different ways, and how these ways can be combined. It sketches the intellectu...

The paper outlines an analysis of two types of information ordinary and subjective, consideration is given to the difference between the concepts of intelligence and perceiving mind. It also provides description of some logical functional features of consciousness. A technical approach is proposed to technical obtaining of subjective information by changing the signal’s time degree of freedom t...

This study examined estimates of their own, and their parents' general and multiple intelligences. Three hundred and twenty three students from East Timor, and one hundred eighty three students from Portugal estimated their own, and their parents' IQ scores on each of Gardner's ten multiple intelligences. Men believed they were more intelligent than were women on mathematical (logical), spatial...

BACKGROUND We previously reported that the nonpsychotic relatives of schizophrenic patients exhibited disturbances in executive functioning, verbal and visual memory, auditory attention, mental control, and verbal ability. In a 4-year follow-up, we showed that the discriminating power of most of these tests was stable over time. METHODS In this report we compare 41 nonpsychotic persons who ha...

With computers to handle more and more complicated things in variable environments, it becomes an urgent requirement that the artificial intelligence has the ability of automatic judging and deciding according to numerous specific conditions so as to deal with the complicated and variable cases. ANNs inspired by brain is a good candidate. However, most of current numeric ANNs are not good at re...

What can logic contribute to cognitive science? In the early days of cognitive science, logic was taken to play both a descriptive and a normative role in theories of intelligent behavior. Descriptively, human beings were taken to be fundamentally logical, or rational. Normatively, logic was taken to define rational behavior and thus to provide a starting point for the artificial reproduction o...

The integrated Data Model integrates concepts from three information disciplines: database systems, artificial intelligence, and programming languages. Key concepts are those of abstract type (allowing multiple implementations), object (possibly having multiple types), and relation (definable by logical formulas). This paper provides a brief overview of the model from a database perspective.