Lossy coding of speech, high-quality audio, still images, and video is commonplace today. However, in 1948, few lossy compression systems were in service. Shannon introduced and developed the theory of source coding with a fidelity criterion, also called rate-distortion theory. For the first 25 years of its existence, rate-distortion theory had relatively little impact on the methods and system...

Laser milling is a relatively new micromanufacturing technique in the production of copper and other metallic components. This study presents multidisciplinary research, which is based on unsupervised connectionist architectures in conjunction with modelling systems, on the determination of the optimal operating conditions in this industrial process. Sensors on a laser milling centre relay the ...

Recent advancements in sequencing technology have led to a drastic reduction in genome sequencing costs. This development has generated an unprecedented amount of data that must be stored, processed, and communicated. To facilitate this effort, compression of genomic files has been proposed. Specifically, lossy compression of quality scores is emerging as a natural candidate for reducing the gr...

this review reports recent advances in metallic nanostructures based electrochemical sensors. interesting aspects of nps include size and shape-dependent interatomic bond distances, melting points, chemical reactivity, and optical and electronic properties. the small size of metallic nanostructures has allowed nanoscale electrochemical processes to be probed. electrochemical characteristics can...

In lossless data compression, given a sequence of observations (Xn)n≥1 and a family of probability distributions {Qθ}θ∈Θ, the estimators (θ̃n)n≥1 obtained by minimizing the ideal Shannon code-lengths over the family {Qθ}θ∈Θ, θ̃n := arg min θ∈Θ [ − logQθ(X 1 ) ] , whereXn 1 := (X1, X2, . . . , Xn), coincide with the classical maximum-likelihood estimators (MLEs). In the corresponding lossy compres...

variously referred to as source coding, lossless coding, noiseless coding or entropy coding exactly and without error, the original message. Lossless coding implies that the message may be decoded back to the original sequence of symbols. The converse of lossless coding (“lossy” coding) implies some degree of approximation of the original message. lossless coding may augment lossy coding, eg VQ...

Because of the vast volume of data being produced by today’s scientific simulations, lossy compression allowing user-controlled information loss can significantly reduce the data size and the I/O burden. However, for large-scale cosmology simulation, such as the Hardware/Hybrid Accelerated Cosmology Code (HACC), where memory overhead constraints restrict compression to only one snapshot at a ti...

Department of Computer Science, University of Edinburgh, JCMB, Edinburgh EH9 3JZ, UK. e-mail: [email protected] Abstract. Lossy counter machines are defined as Minsky n-counter machines where the values in the counters can spontaneously decrease at any time. While termination is decidable for lossy counter machines, structural termination (termination for every input) is undecidable. This und...