The synergic effect of luminal Ca(2+), cytosolic Ca(2+), and cytosolic adenosine triphosphate (ATP) on activation of cardiac ryanodine receptor (RYR2) channels was examined in planar lipid bilayers. The dose-response of RYR2 gating activity to ATP was characterized at a diastolic cytosolic Ca(2+) concentration of 100 nM over a range of luminal Ca(2+) concentrations and, vice versa, at a diastol...

male breast cancer is a rare disease with an increasing trend. due to limited information especially about the genetic basis of the disease in iran and the lower age of its onset, the disease requires more attention. the aim of this study was to screen the male patients with breast cancer for brca mutations as well as tissue markers of estrogen receptor (er), progesterone receptor (pr), human e...

Overexpression of p53 is the most frequent genetic alteration in breast cancer. Recently, many studies have shown that the expression of mutant p53 differs for each subtype of breast cancer and is associated with different prognoses. In this study, we aimed to determine the suitable cut-off value to predict the clinical outcome of p53 overexpression and its usefulness as a prognostic factor in ...

mobile luminal mass of aortic arch is an unusual finding in patients with peripheral embolization. to search the source of these emboli, aortic arch mass should be considered. to our knowledge, transesophageal echocardiography (tee) can be a useful modality to demonstrate the nature and exact location of the mass. this report is illustrative of a large mobile aortic arch mass, histologically th...

Background: At the 13th St Gallen International Breast Cancer Conference in 2013, a new definition of luminal A-like and luminal B-like breast cancer was proposed, involving the expression of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PgR), and Ki-67. We examined the rate of concordance between the risk groups using the Oncotype DX recurrence score (RS) and the previous and newly proposed l...

We have used tryptic digestion to determine whether Ca can regulate cardiac ryanodine receptor (RyR) channel gating from within the lumen of the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) or whether Ca must first flow through the channel and act via cytosolically located binding sites. Cardiac RyRs were incorporated into bilayers, and trypsin was applied to the luminal side of the bilayer. We found that befor...

The luminal Ca2+ regulation of cardiac ryanodine receptor (RyR2) was explored at the single channel level. The luminal Ca2+ and Mg2+ sensitivity of single CSQ2-stripped and CSQ2-associated RyR2 channels was defined. Action of wild-type CSQ2 and of two mutant CSQ2s (R33Q and L167H) was also compared. Two luminal Ca2+ regulatory mechanism(s) were identified. One is a RyR2-resident mechanism that ...

The recent breakthrough of technological innovation has contributed to a tangible advance in endoscopic imaging. Optical diagnosis is an indispensable diagnostic and therapeutic tool for gastrointestinal (GI) disease. Endocytoscopy opens the realm real-time microscopic evaluation GI tract, providing information about cellular subcellular changes during ongoing endoscopy, therapy potentially acc...