Mechanical ventilation is the live-saving therapy in intensive care medicine by all means. Nevertheless, it can induce severe mechanical stress to the lung, which generally impairs the outcome of the therapy. To reduce the risk of a ventilator induced lung injury (VILI), lung protective ventilation is essential, especially for patients with a previous medical history like the adult respiratory ...

Intrafractional motion and interfractional changes affect the accuracy of the delivered dose in radiotherapy, particularly in charged-particle radiotherapy. Most recent studies are focused on intrafractional motion (respiratory motion). Here, we report a quantitative simulation analysis of the effects of interfractional changes on water-equivalent pathlength (WEL) in charged-particle lung thera...

Ventilation within the lung is air shift generated by displacements of intra-pulmonary structures according to the chest motion. In order to study lung anatomy, physiology, and pathology, 4D (=3D + time axis) models are necessary. The present author has developed software for generating 4D lung models from the trachea to alveoli. Since the lung models consist of 4D finite elements, air flow sim...

Synchronized moving aperture radiation therapy (SMART) is a new technique for treating mobile tumours under development at Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH). The basic idea of SMART is to synchronize the moving radiation beam aperture formed by a dynamic multileaf collimator (DMLC) with the tumour motion induced by respiration. SMART is based on the concept of the average tumour trajectory (...

A semi-automatic procedure to correlate the motion of lung tumor points in 4D-CT images with a respiratory surrogate signal is presented. Data analysis was performed to characterize of the robustness of external/internal correlation properties in the clinical framework of gated radiotherapy treatments. A cross-correlation based algorithm was implemented to perform template matching for tracking...

Purpose: The exposure to the endotoxin lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a well-established model of acute inflammation in rodents and similar to that observed in human Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). Conventional gradient-echo MR imaging has been recognized as an efficient tool in assessing the edema volume considering that a significant contrast is obtained with a dark-appearing lung ...

Introduction Dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) MRI has proven valuable to characterize tissue of interest in solitary pulmonary nodule (SPN) [1], especially for delineating malignant from benign tumor. In DCE MRI studies, the kinetics of signal variation at lesions following the administration of the contrast agent is analyzed from time-intensity curve. Thus, it is crucial to measure the signal i...

the introduction of ex vivo lung perfusion (evlp) in the practice of lung transplantation has allowed the reconditioning of the marginal grafts and their conversion into transplantable grafts. in addition, evlp can provide a platform for the application of various preventive measures to decrease the incidence of post-transplant complications. while the toronto team targets the attenuation of th...

Four-dimensional (4D) computed tomography (CT) image acquisition is a useful technique in radiation treatment planning and interventional radiology in that it can account for respiratory motion of lungs. Current 4D lung reconstruction techniques have limitations in either spatial or temporal resolution. In addition, most of these techniques rely on auxiliary surrogates to relate the time of CT ...

Radial acquisition (RA) techniques have been extended to produce isotropic, three-dimensional images of lung in live laboratory animals at spatial resolution down to 0.013 mm3 with a signal-to-noise ratio of 30:1. The pulse sequence and reconstruction algorithm have been adapted to allow acquisition of image matrices of up to 256(3) in less than 15 min. Scan-synchronous ventilation has been inc...