Research on tumor-induced lymphangiogenesis has predominantly focused on alterations and abnormal growth of peritumoral and intratumoral lymphatic vessels. However, recent evidence indicates that lymphangiogenesis of sentinel lymph nodes might also contribute to cancer progression. In clinical oncology, the sentinel lymph nodes play an important r...

BACKGROUND Lymphatic metastasis is one of the leading causes of death in patients with different types of cancer and is the main prognostic factor for the disease survival. The formation of new lymphatic vessels (lymphangiogenesis) in primary tumors facilitates tumor cell dissemination to regional lymph nodes and correlates with distant metastases. Lymphangiogenesis has thus emerged as a suitab...

Lymphatic metastasis is a critical determinant of cancer prognosis. Recently, several lymphangiogenic molecules such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-C and VEGF-D were identified. However, the mechanistic understanding of lymphatic metastasis is still in infancy. Nitric oxide (NO) plays a crucial role in regulating blood vessel growth and function as well as lymphatic vessel functio...

Cutaneous melanoma has an initial preference for lymphatic spread. Remarkably, melanoma progression toward this metastasizing phenotype is accompanied by intense blood vessel angiogenesis (hemangiogenesis), but lymphangiogenesis, the formation of new lymph vessels in the tumor, has never been reported. To investigate how primary melanoma cells interact with the existing lymphatic microvasculatu...

Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) has previously been reported to act as a hemangiogenic factor, as well as a mitogenic factor for a variety of tumor cells. Here, we demonstrate that HGF is a lymphangiogenic factor, which may contribute to lymphatic metastasis when overexpressed in tumors. In a mouse corneal lymphangiogenesis model, implantation of HGF induces sprouting and growth of new lymphatic...

Lymphatic is a prerequisite for the maintenance of tissue fluid balance and immunity in the body. A body of evidence also shows that lymphangiogenesis plays important roles in the pathogenesis of diseases such as tumor metastasis and inflammation. The eye was thought to lack lymphatic vessels except for the conjunctiva; however, advances in the field, including the identification of lymphatic e...

Animal studies showed that male gastric tissues respond more rapidly to Helicobacter pylori (H.pylori) infection but the possible mechanisms remained unclear. There is no data about gender specific activity of Androgen receptor (AR) as an independent unfavorable prognostic factor in gastric cancer and its interactions with H.pylori and angiogenesis in both genders. To compare the pathogenesis o...

A male golden retriever of unknown age presented with multiple cutaneous and subcutaneous masses from the left elbow to the digits. Histopathologically, multiple tumor foci had formed from the dermis to the subcutaneous tissue. Tumor foci consisted of a vascular structure, alveolar structure and solid proliferative area. The borders among these areas were not clear. Some neoplastic cells resemb...