remote sensing and aerial photographs are used to produce medium to small scale images. however, for detailed information especially to estimate rangeland vegetation canopy cover there is a need to larger scale images. it is therefore necessary to study the technical applicability of different devices such as short range light airplanes, kites, gliders and balloons. in this research, we focused...

X iv :0 90 5. 13 66 v2 [ m at h. SP ] 2 1 M ay 2 00 9 Gradient estimate of an eigenfunction on a compact Riemannian manifold without boundary Yiqian Shi ∗† and Bin Xu∗⋆ Abstract. Let eλ(x) be an eigenfun tion with respe t to the Lapla e-Beltrami operator ∆M on a ompa t Riemannian manifoldM without boundary: ∆Meλ = λ2eλ. We show the following gradient estimate of eλ: for every λ≥ 1, there holds ...

estimation and mapping of forest resources is a precondition for management, planning and research.this research was conducted to investigate the spatial structure and estimation of crown cover anddensity of an oak forest in the west of iran (loristan province) using kriging interpolation method ofgeostatistics. field sampling was performed based on a 100 m×100 m systematic grid using 2000 m2ci...

OBJECTIVE The survival of Huntington's disease (HD) patients is reported to be 15-20 years. However, most studies on the survival of HD have been conducted in patients without genetic confirmation with the possible inclusion of non-HD patients, and all studies have been conducted in Western countries. The survival of patients with HD in East Asia, where its prevalence is 10-50-fold lower compar...

PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to determine the significant factors for risk estimate of aspiration and to evaluate the efficiency of the dysphagia assessment tool. METHODS A consecutive series of 210 stroke patients with aspiration symptoms such as cough and dysphagia who had soft or regular diet without tube feeding were examined. The dysphagia assessment tool for aspiration was comp...

BACKGROUND The objective was to compare women's personal estimates of their risk with objective breast cancer risk estimates and to describe the risk factors for breast cancer identified by women. METHODS Telephone survey of a random sample of 761 rural and urban women with no history of breast cancer. Survey instrument included measures of perceptions of lifetime risk for breast cancer for t...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE There are 2 basic principles in cemented stem fixation: shape-closed and force-closed. We investigated 2 shape-closed straight stems, the Müller (MSS) and the Virtec (VSS), which differ only in geometrical cross section, to determine whether the difference in stem shape would affect the radiological results or long-term survival. PATIENTS AND METHODS We included 711 hip...

The non-linear inverse relationship between RR-intervals and heart rate (HR) contributes significantly to the heart rate variability (HRV) parameters and their performance in mortality prediction. To determine the level of influence HR exerts over HRV parameters' prognostic power, we studied the predictive performance for different HR levels by applying eight correction procedures, multiplying ...

In the present study, records on 22872 first-parity Holsteins collected from 131 herds by the Animal Breeding and Improvement Center of Iran from 1995 to 2014 were considered to estimate genetic and phenotypic relationships between calving difficulty (CD) and the lactation curve traits, including initial milk yield (Ap), ascending (Bp) and descending (Cp) slope of the lactation curves, peak mil...

Estimation and group comparison of survival curves are two very common issues in survival analysis. In practice, the Kaplan-Meier estimates of survival functions may be biased due to unbalanced distribution of confounders. Here we develop an adjusted Kaplan-Meier estimator (AKME) to reduce confounding effects using inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW). Each observation is weighted ...