Based on the institutional perspective, this article examines whether pressures in home and host countries affect multinational enterprise (MNE) subsidiaries’ corporate social responsibility (CSR) practices distance between moderates these relationships. We collect data from 185 Chinese MNEs’ 349 foreign subsidiaries operating 27 conduct a cross-classified multilevel model analysis of data. The...

The disruption of the trade and investment activities multinational enterprises as a consequence Covid-19 pandemic has reinvigorated debate on configuration global value chains (GVCs) well risks challenges associated with offshoring. This article depicts how might affect GVC by driving trend toward more regional footprint in industries which resilience reliability are critical. Such shift would...

The primary purpose of this study is to observe the economic andinternational trade relationships between Bangladesh and SAARCcountries during Fiscal Years 2015-2016 2020-2021. Thisresearch uses panel data examine relationship betweenthe nature direction exports growth.The researcher found that cooperation with impacted growth, but there was insufficientexport adaptation. also showed relationsh...

Detailed knowledge about the human mitochondrial (mt)DNA phylogeny (1) is accumulating rapidly because of the growing number of available complete mtDNA sequences from diverse populations across the world. The work by Zhao et al. (2) makes a valuable contribution to this knowledge by describing 25 complete mtDNA sequences from Tibetan and neighboring populations. However, the phylogenetic tree ...

Toxic heavy metal contamination of industrial wastewater is an important environmental problem. Many industries such as electroplating, pigments, metallurgical processes, and mining and leather industries release various concentrations of heavy metals like chromium. Chromium generally exists in different forms, mostly as trivalent and hexavalent forms. Trivalent chromium is nontoxic and relativ...

This empirical article examines how the institutional development of home country and host countries in which multinational enterprises (MNEs) are embedded can drive MNEs’ research (R&D) intensity. In doing so, this study analyzes 967 firm-year observations 234 pharmaceutical firms from 30 developed less period 2010 to 2017. We find support for internationalization toward as a driver R&...

In this paper, we characterize w -Noetherian rings and SM rings. More precisely, in terms of the id="M3"> u -operation on a commutative ring id="M4"> R , prove that id="M5"> is id="M6"> if only direct limit id="M7"> r GV -torsion-free injective id="M8"> -modules id="M9"> SM, whic...

Modern satellite radiometers have many detectors with different relative spectral response (RSR). Effect of RSR differences on striping and the root cause of striping in sensor data record (SDR) radiance and brightness temperature products have not been well studied. A previous study used MODTRAN radiative transfer model (RTM) to analyze striping. In this study, we make efforts to find the poss...