PURPOSE To investigate near-vision posture in Chinese myopic schoolchildren and compare near-vision posture during different near-vision tasks (i.e., playing video games, reading, and writing). METHODS The study investigated 120 myopic children (grades 1 through 6 and aged 6 to 13 years). An electromagnetic motion-tracking system was used for continuous measurements of the working distance an...

We introduce simulated packing and cracking as a technique for evaluating partisan-gerrymandering measures. apply it to historical congressional legislative elections evaluate four measures: partisan bias, declination, efficiency gap, mean-median difference. While the gap recognizes in completely predictable manner (a fact that follows immediately from gap's definition) declination does very go...

Using several lines of evidence we show that the scale values of the geomagnetic variometers operating in Helsinki in the 19th century were not constant throughout the years of operation 1844–1897. Specifically, the adopted scale value of the horizontal force variometer appears to be too low by ∼ 30 % during the years 1866–1874.5 and the adopted scale value of the declination variometer appears...

Analysis is made of the accuracy of magneticobservatory hourly means constructed from definitive minute data having missing values (gaps). Bootstrap sampling from different data-gap distributions is used to estimate average errors on hourly means as a function of the number of missing data. Absolute and relative error results are calculated for horizontal-intensity, declination, and vertical-co...

We present a new model of the magnetic ­ eld at the core{mantle boundary for the interval 1590{1990. The model, called gufm1, is based on a massive new compilation of historical observations of the magnetic ­ eld. The greater part of the new dataset originates from unpublished observations taken by mariners engaged in merchant and naval shipping. Considerable attention is given to both correcti...

This paper examines whether observed phenomena in energy declination can be used to improve the naturalness of synthetic speech. In two production experiments different aspects of intensity fall-off within utterances are analysed including degree of stress, phrase length, phrase boundaries. Energy manipulation was carried out using diphone synthesis as a basis for generating stimuli for percept...