It is shown that permanent confinement in three-dimensional compact U(1) gauge theory can be destroyed by matter fields in a deconfinement transition. This follows from a nontrivial infrared fixed point caused by matter, and an anomalous scaling dimension of the gauge field. This leads to a logarithmic interaction between the defects of the gauge fields, which form a gas of magnetic monopoles. ...

Magnetic resonance imaging of a girl with giant axonal neuropathy revealed a progressive white matter disease. In close agreement with histopathological features reported previously, localized proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy at 9 and 12 years of age indicated a specific damage or loss of axons (reduced N-acetylaspartate and N-acetylaspartylglutamate) accompanied by acute demyelination (e...

Silent brain infarct and white matter lesions are common radiological findings associated with the risk of clinical stroke and dementia; however, our understanding of their underlying pathophysiology and risk factors remains limited. This study aimed to determine whether assessment of retinal microvascular abnormalities could provide prognostic information regarding the risk of brain infarct an...

We study the effects of isovector-scalar meson δ on the equation of state (EOS) of neutron star matter in strong magnetic fields. The EOS of neutron-star matter and nucleon effective masses are calculated in the framework of Lagrangian field theory, which is solved within the mean-field approximation. From the numerical results one can find that the δ-field leads to a remarkable splitting of pr...

We study the effects of very strong magnetic fields on the equation of state (EOS) in multicomponent, interacting matter by developing a covariant description for the inclusion of the anomalous magnetic moments of nucleons. For the description of neutron star matter, we employ a field-theoretical approach which permits the study of several models which differ in their behavior at high density. ...

BACKGROUND Alzheimer disease (AD) and normal aging result in cortical gray matter volume deficits. The extent to which the remaining cortex is functionally compromised can be estimated in vivo with magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging. OBJECTIVE To assess the effects of age and dementia on gray matter and white matter concentrations of 3 metabolites visible in the proton spectrum: N-acety...

PURPOSE OF REVIEW The advent of novel techniques for tracing connections in vivo, such as diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging tractography, allows us, for the first time in the human brain, to study the microstructural integrity of white matter fibres and perform virtual dissections of large scale neurocognitive networks. This review will outline the advantages and limitations of applyi...

Aging studies consistently show a relationship between decreased gray matter volume and decreased performance on working memory tasks. Few aging studies have investigated white matter changes in relation to functional brain changes during working memory tasks. Twenty-five younger and 25 older adults underwent anatomical magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans to measure gray matter volume, diffu...

Using an example of the galaxy, an attempt is made to explain the flat rotational curves of gas and plasma in galaxies by means of the Ampere force. Using acceptable models for the galactic magnetic field and plausible physical parameters, we find that the flat rotational curves for gas and plasma can be obtained based purely on the observed baryonic (visible) matter distribution and the ampere...

We study the problem of neutron star composition in the presence of a strong magnetic field. The effects of the anomalous magnetic moments of both nucleons and electrons are investigated in relativistic mean field calculations for a β-equilibrium system. Since neutrons are fully spin polarized in a large field, generally speaking, the proton fraction can never exceed the field free case. An ext...