Angiopoietins (Ang) have been shown to regulate the process of vasculature and angiogenesis in tumour. Different angiopoietins have different roles during the angiogenic process. The current study sought to examine the levels of the expression of Ang-1, Ang-2, Ang-3 and their receptor Tie-2 in mammary ductal carcinoma and to assess their relevance to prognosis. Fresh frozen ductal carcinoma tis...

Mammary epithelium contains lineage-limited progenitors that give rise to cells that form distinct morphological structures, ducts vs. lobules, depending on the endocrine status of the female. Progesterone signaling through progesterone receptor (PR) is essential for lobulo-alveolar development that accompanies pregnancy, but not for ductal growth accompanying puberty. PR exists in two molecula...

Mammary carcinoma arising in microglandular adenosis (MGA) is extremely rare, and MGA is regarded as a non-obligate precursor of triple-negative breast cancer. We report five cases of carcinoma arising in MGA of the breast. All cases showed a spectrum of proliferative lesions ranging from MGA to atypical MGA, ductal carcinoma in situ or invasive carcinoma. Immunohistochemically, all cases were ...

Background: When cells fail to maintain a balance between proliferation, terminal differentiation, and programmed cell death, cancer often results. The CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein (C/EBP) family of transcription factors regulates many genes involved in the processes of proliferation and terminal differentiation. The messenger RNA for C/EBPb is translated into two major isoforms, LAP (liveren...

BACKGROUND Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF-1alpha) is a transcription factor that may play an important role in tumour growth and metastasis by its regulation of angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis to survive cellular hypoxia. Lymphangiogenesis is promoted by vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGF)-C and VEGF-D, but the correlation between the expression of HIF-1alpha and VEGF-C or VEGF...

Invasive mammary carcinoma occurring after prophylactic mastectomy is rare. We report a case of a 42-year-old female diagnosed with metaplastic breast carcinoma after prophylactic mastectomy. Previously, the patient underwent bilateral mastec to my followed by reconstruction for unilateral invasive mammary carcinoma. One decade later, she presented with a 10 cm mass in the contralateral chest w...

Leupaxin belongs to the group of paxillin proteins and was reported to play a major role in the invasion and migration of prostate cancer cells. In the present study we were able to show by using a cDNA cancer profiling array that leupaxin is upregulated in breast and endometrial cancer, whereas downregulation of leupaxin was observed in lung cancer. In addition, immunohistochemical studies usi...

Canonical Wnt signaling has emerged as a critical regulatory pathway for stem cells. The association between ectopic activation of Wnt signaling and many different types of human cancer suggests that Wnt ligands can initiate tumor formation through altered regulation of stem cell populations. Here we have shown that mice deficient for the Wnt co-receptor Lrp5 are resistant to Wnt1-induced mamma...

purpose: to report a uveal metastasis from infiltrative ductal carcinoma of breast. case report: a 45 year old woman with 9 year history of left breast ductal carcinoma and axillary lymph nodes involvement has found soft tissue are right eye uveal metastasis after 5 and 9 years respectively. conclusion: every patient with breast carcinoma should have complete eye examination at least every 6 mo...

Insertional mutation of the Int3 gene, a member of the Notch gene family, is frequently associated with primary mouse mammary tumors induced by the mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV). A major consequence of these mutations is the production of a shortened 2.4-kb tumor specific Int3 RNA transcript that encodes the entire intracellular domain of the Int3 protein. Previous studies have demonstrated ...