Given that consumer free riding involves a relatively high level of interaction with the marketplace, it is likely that individuals’ attitudes toward consumer free riding are related to degree to which they feel alienated from the marketplace. Such a relationship was observed to exist. Through further examination, attitudes toward consumer free riding appear to originate from two of the three a...

In this paper, we discuss the “free-riding”traffic problem in routing overlay networks, which is mainly caused by policy mis-match between the overlay routing and the underlay IP routing. We first define the free-riding problem in routing overlay network, and construct mathematical models for the amount of the free-riding traffic. We next present the numerical examples on the effectiveness of t...

In this paper, we present an LMI-based approach for comfort-oriented cruise control of autonomous vehicle. First, vehicle longitudinal dynamics and a corresponding parameter-dependent state-space representation are explained discussed. An polytopic LQR controller is then designed the speed to track reference value in presence noise disturbances, where scheduling parameters functions mass itself...

• Feeling unsafe when riding a bicycle is key barrier to cycling participation. We developed novel technology capture subjective user experiences while riding. 10 % of passing events <100 cm had recorded button press. Important links between and infrastructure characteristics. Greater emphasis needs be placed on capturing cyclists’ experiences. To better understand the on-road, this study aimed...

analyzing free riding problem through static games considering homogenous players has been resulted in choosing the free riding strategy as a dominant strategy for the players. in this paper free riding is analyzed through cooperation game imposing non-homogenous players using network models. players would be differentiated by their links with their neighbors in the game. evolutionary game theo...

[Purpose] The aim of this study was to examine the effects of horse-riding simulator exercise on gait ability and muscle strength, muscle activation in elderly with knee osteoarthritis. [Subjects and Methods] Thirty elderly patients with knee osteoarthritis were recruited, a horse-riding simulator group consisted of fifteen subjects and they performed exercise three times a week for eight weeks...

[Purpose] The aim of this study was to examine the effects of horse-riding simulator exercise and Kendall exercise on forward head posture. [Subjects and Methods] Thirty elderly college students with a forward head posture were randomly divided into two groups for 15 persons each, a horse-riding simulator group and Kendall exercise group, and performed exercise for eight weeks. [Results] The ho...