Heavy metals, various pesticide and herbicides are implicated as risk factors for human health. Paraquat, maneb, and rotenone, carbamate, and organophosphorous insecticides are examples of toxicants for which acute and chronic exposure are associated with multiple neurological disorders including Parkinson's disease. Nevertheless, the role of pesticide exposure in neurodegenerative diseases is ...

Abstract Melatonin ( N -acetyl-5-methoxytriptamine) is a novel plant regulatory molecule currently under study. Its role as biostimulator and protector against abiotic biotic stressors, through the regulation of redox network change in expression many elements primary secondary metabolism, great interest. The possible protective effect melatonin mungbean seedlings, previously primed seed treate...

Cover: Scanning electron micrograph of 7-day-old colony of powdery mildew (Blumeria graminis f.sp. tritici) on a wheat leaf. Insert shows a 2-day-old colony at higher magnification. Although the sensitivity of mildew populations towards certain fungicides has changed considerably over the years, implementation of resistance management strategies has helped to sustain an overall satisfactory deg...

Rationale Fungicide applications are a necessary practice to discourage disease development in most high quality turfgrass areas. Little is known, however, about the effects that fungicides have on resident microbial community of the soils supporting turfgrass sites. Soil bacteria are responsible for important processes including pesticide degradation, nutrient cycling, and organic matter break...

Bioassays using pellets of agar, thatch-agar and turfgrass-agar were developed using benzimidazole-sensitive Penicillium expansum, to detect the fungicide methyl 2-benzimidazole carbamate (MBC) which is the major fungitoxic degradation product of benomyl [methyl 1-(butylcarbamoyl)-2-benzimidazole carbamate] in thatch and turfgrass clippings. These bioassays were used to estimate the amount of f...

Fludioxonil is a fungicide with a singular mode of action that is widely employed in the treatment of fruit crops. A competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (cELISA) has been developed and validated for the determination of residues of this fungicide in fruit juices. A collection of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against the fungicide fludioxonil has been produced and characterized using di...

Two bioassay methods were modified to evaluate persistence, adsorption and biological availability of the fungicide benomyl in soil. The amount of biologically-available fungicide was assayed using the fungus Penicillium expansum Link ex Gray. The bioassay results were not significantly different from those obtained by spectrophotometry. The bioassays detected methyl 2-benzimidazole carbamate (...

The fungicide benomyl inhibited spore germination and hyphal length of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Glomus mosseae when applied at doses of 21.25 microg/ml (agronomic dose), 10.62 microg/ml and 10 microg/ml. G. mosseae was able to germinate in the presence of 2.12 microg/ml of benomyl, and the percentage of spore germination was unaffected by dosis of 0.1, 0.01 and 0.001 microg/ml of the f...