This review attempts to provide an overview of the interconnected industrial changes associated with compliance with the exhaust emission standards of the Clean Air Act of 1970. To understand the complex nature of air pollution problems, Federal legislation, and compliance with this legislation requires an understanding of automotive technology, petroleum refining, atmospheric chemistry and phy...

Metal oxide varistors (MOVs) are a type of resistor with significantly nonlinear current-voltage characteristics commonly used in power lines to protect against overvoltages. If a proper recycling plan is developed MOVs can be an excellent source of secondary zinc because they contain over 90 weight percent zinc oxide. The oxides of antimony, bismuth, and to a lesser degree cobalt, manganese, a...

Various approaches to flue gas desulfurization by low-grade manganese and high efficiency desulfurization in sintering enterprises were investigated, and the predominance areas of the Mn/Fe-S-O system were constructed in this paper. Additionally, the areas in different temperatures were established based on the thermodynamic properties achieved from manuals. From the view of thermodynamics, man...

Manganese based catalysts are highly active in the NH3-SCR reaction for NOx removal. Unfortunately, manganese oxides can be easily deactivated by sulfur dioxide in the flow gas, which has become the main obstacle for their practical applications. To address this problem, we presented a green and facile method for the synthesis of multi-shell Fe2O3@MnOx@CNTs. The morphology and structural proper...

We present pore fluid geochemistry, including major ion and trace metal concentrations the isotopic composition of calcium sulfate, from uppermost meter sediments Gulf Aqaba (Northeast Red Sea) Iberian Margin (North Atlantic Ocean). In both locations, we observe strong correlations among calcium, magnesium, strontium, sulfate as well sulfur alkalinity, suggestive active changes in redox state p...

The reaction of manganese(II) sulfate and 2-amino-pyrazine affords the title salt, [Mn(H(2)O)(6)][Mn(C(4)H(5)N(3))(2)(H(2)O)(4)](SO(4))(2)·2H(2)O. The metal atoms in the tetra-aqua-coordinated and hexa-aqua-coordinated cations lie on centers of inversion in octa-hedral geometries. The cations, anions and solvent water mol-ecules are linked by O-H⋯O, N-H⋯O and O-H⋯N hydrogen bonds into a three-d...

The oxidation and reduction that occur during early diagenesis of sediments has been studied in the interstitial waters of a rapidly accumulating sedimentary sequence from the Mediterranean margin of Spain. A series of reactions that are mediated by progressively lower free energy derived from oxidation of organic matter is evident in the sedimentary sequence. Iron and manganese are rapidly red...