The Japanese maples, Acer japonicum and A. palmatum, their cultivars are popular ornamental trees in Europe. powdery mildew, Sawadaea polyfida, occurs natively on these some other Asian maple species China, Japan, Korea (Hirose et al., 2005; Braun & Cook, 2012; Wan 2022), was introduced into Australia palmatum 2018 (Kiss 2020). pathogen previously unknown Europe, but tulasnei has been reported ...

This study examined chlorpyrifos immersion of balled and burlapped (B&B) nursery trees for elimination of third instars of Japanese beetle, Popillia japonica Newman (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae), and for phytotoxicity on red maple, Acer rubrum L. Trees were harvested as 45and 60-cm-diameter B&B and immersed in chlorpyrifos at U.S. Domestic Japanese Beetle Harmonization Plan rate (0.24 kg active in...

Unlike landmark methods for estimating object asymmetry, continuous symmetry measures (CSM) can be used to measure the symmetry distance (ds) of inconsistent objects, such as plant leaves. Inconsistent objects have no homologous landmarks, no consistent topology, no quantitative consistency, and sometimes no matching points. When CSM is used in conjugation with LAMINA Leaf Shape Determination s...

Methionine sulfoxide (MetSO, C5HnNO3S, Figure 1), a product of vegetal origin, is an amino acid similar to methionine. It is present in garlic (Sugii et al., 1964), onion (Kuon and Bernhard, 1963), nut (Kristensen et al, 1974), carrot (Alabran and Mabrouk, 1973), apple (BielinskaCzarnecka, 1963; McKee and Urbach, 1953), and banana plant (Steward et al., 1960). Recently, methionine sulfoxide was...

The invasion of non-native earthworms (Lumbricus spp.) into a small number of intensively studied stands of northern hardwood forest has been linked to declines in plant diversity and the local extirpation of one threatened species. It is unknown, however, whether these changes have occurred across larger regions of hardwood forests, which plant species are most vulnerable, or with which earthw...

18 Local, shortto medium-term studies make clear that white-tailed deer can greatly suppress 19 tree growth and survival in palatable tree species. To assess how deer have broadly affected 20 patterns of tree recruitment across northern Wisconsin, we analyzed recruitment success in 11 21 common trees species that vary in palatability across 13,105 USFS FIA plots sampled 22 between 1983 and 2013...

Our previous investigation found elevated nitrogen deposition caused declines in abundance of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) associated with forest trees, but little is known about how nitrogen affects the AMF community composition and structure within forest ecosystems. We hypothesized that N deposition would lead to significant changes in the AMF community structure. We studied the divers...

Our previous investigation found elevated nitrogen deposition caused declines in abundance of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) associated with forest trees, but little is known about how nitrogen affects the AMF community composition and structure within forest ecosystems. We hypothesized that N deposition would lead to significant changes in the AMF community structure. We studied the divers...

Multi-grain parallelizing scheme is one of effective parallelizing schemes which exploits various level parallelism: coarse-grain(macro-dataflow), medium-grain(loop level parallelizing) and near-fine-grain(statements parallelizing) from a sequential program. A multi-processor ASCA is designed for efficient execution of multi-grain parallelizing program. A processing element called MAPLE are mai...