In modern times, science and technology have become dominant forces in the world, and Western civilization with its pioneering role in technological development is commonly seen as a symbol of progress and enlightenment. This has been associated with a strong tendency to glorify progress and evolution and to look down upon the past as a time of infancy and immaturity. It has also been repeatedl...

Abstract The relative timing of extinctions and originations is a foundation for reconstructing evolutionary causes. However, there has been tendency to dismiss reported Ediacaran holdovers in favour effective extinction around the Cambrian boundary. Here, focusing on classically frondose biota (Petalonamae), I suggest four main reasons why proposed survivors have previously denied acceptance t...

Este artigo soma-se aos trabalhos disponíveis sobre Processamento de Língua Natural ao fornecer uma demonstração como linguagens programação o R (R CORE TEAM, 2020) podem ser úteis na detecção autoria e identificação do estilo autor em obras literárias. Foram selecionados dois autores duas cada, a saber: The Adventures of Tom Sawyer (1876) Huckleberry Finn (1884), Mark Twain (1835-1910), Typee:...

Ecology, which is one of the essential practices sustainable practice, talk town these days, and professionals from every domain are involved in such practices. This has also been observed print medium, where some artists printmakers take prints using non-toxic materials. Since ecological aspects printing have addressed many research commentaries, most practitioners still use conventional metho...

More than a century after Twain wrote his comments, what we now label “fee-for-service” has, as Twain lamented, continued as the dominant payment model in health care. However, the march toward value-based payment has started to change the system, and far more dramatic changes are on the horizon. The Affordable Care Act and payment reform are transforming the system back to Twain’s “old time cu...

Formal and informal organization structure have been described as “opposing poles of a duality”—one which has yet to be fully resolved. The aim of this paper is to detail an approach to treating both structures in a comparable way, an approach that explicitly recognizes core and underlying commonalties. Two distinct analytical strategies are employed to this end. The first involves a detailed c...

Economics is primarily a non-experimental science. Typically, we cannot generate new data sets on which to test hypotheses independently of the data that may have led to a particular theory. The common practice of using the same data set to formulate and test hypotheses introduces data-snooping biases that, if not accounted for, invalidate the assumptions underlying classical statistical infere...

a r t i c l e i n f o a b s t r a c t Imagine a data set consisting of private information about individuals. The online query auditing problem is: given a sequence of queries that have already been posed about the data, their corresponding answers and given a new query, deny the answer if privacy can be breached or give the true answer otherwise. We investigate the fundamental problem that que...