Optimizing the production, maintenance and extension of lexical resources is one the crucial aspects impacting Natural Language Processing (NLP). A second aspect involves optimizing the process leading to their integration in applications. With this respect, we believe that the production of a consensual specification on lexicons can be a useful aid for the various NLP actors. Within ISO, the p...

In this paper we address several issues of rule modeling on the basis of UML. We discuss the relationship between UML class models and OWL vocabularies. We show how certain rules can be specified in a class diagram with the help of OCL. We also show how rule concepts can be described, and how the abstract syntax of RDF, OWL, SWRL and RuleML can be defined, by means of UML class diagrams in a co...

This paper discusses emerging problems of VHML – the Virtual Human Markup Language. VHML is XML based and allows interactive Virtual Humans to be directed so that human-virtual human interaction is more effective. The language addresses issues related to Facial and Body Animation, Dialogue Management, Text to Speech production, Emotional Representation plus Hyper / Multi Media information. Vari...

In this paper we describe the Prague Markup Language (PML), a generic and open XMLbased format intended to define format of linguistic resources, mainly annotated corpora. We also provide an overview of existing tools supporting PML, including annotation editors, a corpus query system, software libraries, etc.

Christian Pich Swiss Re 16.

This paper estimates the markup for the Mexican manufacturing sector to detect the impact of trade liberalization on market power. Using Hall’s proposal that states that a procyclical Solow residual is an indication of market power, this research estimates the markup for different periods to detect the change in market power after trade liberalization was implemented. We account for the potenti...

Business-to-consumer and business-to-business applications based on the Extensible Markup Language (XML) tend to lack a rigorous description of product data, the information generated about a product during its design, manufacture, use, maintenance, and disposal. ISO 10303, also informally known as the Standard for the Exchange of Product model data (STEP), defines a robust and time-tested meth...

Entities, such as people, places, products, etc., exist in knowledge bases and linked data, on one hand, and in web pages, news articles, and social media, on the other hand. Entity markup, like Named Entities Recognition and Disambiguation (NERD), is the essential means for adding semantic value to unstructured web contents and this way enabling the linkage between unstructured and structured ...

Since early 1998, the European Telematics project MATE has worked towards facilitating re-use of annotated spoken language data, addressing theoretical issues and implementing practical solutions which could serve as standards in the field. The resulting MATE Workbench for corpus annotation is now available as licensed open source software. This paper describes the MATE markup framework which b...

On-going design of Mathematics Education Markup Language (MeML) is presented. MeML is an XML-based language and the key component of Web-based Mathematics Education framework (WME) under investigation. MeML enables authoring of systematic and interoperable mathematics education pages that may contain active parts for various mathematics and educational purposes such as example generation, answe...