Examination of normal shaping dynamics and immediate and long-term responses to blastoderm cutting in zebrafish and loach embryos prior to the onset of gastrulation and during the course of epiboly revealed that anteroposterior (AP) and dorsoventral (DV) polarity formation is connected with shaping of the blastoderm circumferential region, which stretches along and shrinks across its movement a...

During object manipulation, predictive grip force modulation allows compensation for inertial forces induced by the object's acceleration. This coupling between grip force (GF) and load force (LF) during voluntary movements has demonstrated high levels of complexity, adaptability, and flexibility under many loading conditions in a broad range of experimental studies. The association between GF ...

We investigated the control and function of arm swing in human walking and running to test the hypothesis that the arms act as passive mass dampers powered by movement of the lower body, rather than being actively driven by the shoulder muscles. We measured locomotor cost, deltoid muscle activity and kinematics in 10 healthy adult subjects while walking and running on a treadmill in three exper...

The complex behaviour of human walking with respect to movement variability, economy and muscle activity is speed dependent. It is well known that a U-shaped relationship between walking speed and economy exists. However, it is an open question if the movement dynamics of joint angles and centre of mass and muscle activation strategy also exhibit a U-shaped relationship with walking speed. We i...

Vagility is the inherent power of movement by individuals. Vagility and the available duration of movement determine the dispersal distance individuals can move to interbreed, which affects the fine-scale genetic structure of vertebrate populations. Vagility and variation in population genetic structure are normally explained by geographic variation and not by the inherent power of movement by ...

BACKGROUND Human balance during quiet standing is influenced by adding mass to the body with a backpack, with symmetrically-applied loads to the trunk, or with obesity. Adding mass to the body increases both the weight and inertia of the body, which theoretically could provide counteracting effects on body dynamics and balance. Understanding the independent effects of adding weight and inertia ...

Strata and surface movement induced by mining under open-pit final slope is a huge 8 threat to mine safety. Physical model test is an important method to study mining-induced strata 9 and surface movement laws. Because of rock joints predominantly control rock mass deformation 10 and failure, thus physical model test leaving out of consideration of rock joints is difficult to reflect 11 the inf...

Here we report the discovery that even the simplest, oldest and most prevalent forms of evolutionary movement--rolling bodies and whirls of turbulence--exhibit the same body-size effect on life time and life travel as the evolutionary movement united by the body-size effect so far: animals, rivers, vehicles, jets and plumes. In short, the bigger should last longer and travel farther. For rollin...

The student movement is considered as one of the important issues of Iranian political sociology, but its role and its nature and its relationship with other movements and movements in Iran have been discussed. The present article is trying to answer the role and function of the student movement in Iran. Using a descriptive-analytic approach, political currents have become instrumental in most ...