Previous ordering cost reduction vendor–buyer inventory models with backorder price discount usually assumed that the buyer must pay to the vendor for the ordered items as soon as the items are received, the received quantity is same as the ordered quantity and the transportation cost is independent of the shipment lot-size. In practice, however, the vendor is willing to offer the buyer a certa...

in order to improve the level of intelligence, availability, being on demand, convenience, information and humanization of rural public transportation systems, they are more willing to use modern information and communicative technologies. in addition to management services, intelligent transportation systems can provide passengers, drivers, travel agencies and other institutions with other ser...

The material transportation capacity under emergency conditions is an important guarantee for the country to deal with war, epidemic outbreak, and other crisis situations. Under conditions, some nodes of system may fail work normally, which lead collapse whole system. Based on analyzing characteristics system, this article builds a three-layer interdependent network model uses improved M-L desc...