Mathematics is an instrument for solving problems in life. So, ability to solve mathematical one of the most important skills. Practitioners education do different approaches develop problemsolving students. Efforts have been made such as attractive learning model and providing external motivation. Most students, however, were unable finish prepare daily This due belief that mathematics not lin...

introduction accurate estimation of the absorbed dose in radiosensitive organs, located away from the target volume during radiotherapy, is one of the main reasons for the development of reference phantoms. the international commission on radiological protection (icrp) reference phantoms can provide a more realistic view of the human anatomy in comparison with the previously used mathematical p...

The way students who want to become teachers represent their mathematical reasoning when they solve problems—using case studies and qualitative techniques. Data were gathered from the vignette results of student work. They are using snowball sampling for subject selection. Three third-semester mathematics education program participants served as study's research subjects—ways gathering data, su...