Background: Due to their similar routes of transmission, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis B virus (HBV) co-infection occurs considerably. HBV infection progresses more rapidly in HIV-infected patients. Therefore, HBV vaccination of all non-immune HIV infected patients is recommended. On the other hand, HIV-infected subjects have suboptimal responses to HBV vaccine. In this study...

In this research work, we suggest two mathematical models that take into account (i) categories of target cells, CD4+T cells and macrophages, (ii) modes infection transmissions, the direct virus-to-cell (VTC) method cell-to-cell (CTC) transmission, where CTC is an effective spreading human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1), as with VTC method. The second model incorporates four time delays....

We present an overview of some concepts and methodologies we believe useful in modeling HIV pathogenesis. After a brief discussion of motivation for and previous efforts in the development of mathematical models for progression of HIV infection and treatment, we discuss mathematical and statistical ideas relevant to Structured Treatment Interruptions (STI). Among these are model development and...

Anti-retroviral treatments (ART) such asHAARThave been used to control the replication of HIV virus in HIV-positive patients. In this paper, we study an in-hostmodel of HIV infection with ART and carry out mathematical analysis of the global dynamics and bifurcations of the model in different parameter regimes. Among our discoveries is a parameter region for which backward bifurcation can occur...

in this paper, a five–dimensional mathematical model is proposed for the transmission dynamics of hiv/aids within a population of varying size. in writing the model, we have divided the population under consideration into five sub classes of susceptible, infective, pre-aids, aids related complex and that of aids patients. the model has two non- negative equilibria namely, a disease free and the...

Hepatitis B and HIV/AIDS coinfections are common globally due to their similar mode of transmission. Since HIV infection modifies the course HBV by increasing rate chronicity, prolonging viremia, liver disease-associated deaths, individuals with coinfection both diseases have a higher tendency developing cirrhosis liver, levels DNA, reduced clearance hepatitis e antigen (HBeAg), more likely die...

Background: Injecting drug users (IDUs) and prisoners are considered to be highly vulnerable to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in Iran. This study was carried out to determine the prevalence of HIV infection among IDUs released from jail in Bahar (Hamadan, Iran). Methods: In a cross-sectional study, 118 IDUs who were prisoners during 2001-07 were evaluated. Their demographic and p...

We explore the impact of a host genetic factor on heterosexual HIV epidemics by using a deterministic mathematical model. A protective allele unequally distributed across populations is exemplified in our models by the 32-bp deletion in the host-cell chemokine receptor CCR5, CCR5Delta32. Individuals homozygous for CCR5Delta32 are protected against HIV infection whereas those heterozygous for CC...