Communication and learning from each other are part of the success of animal societies. Social insects invest considerable effort into signalling to their nestmates the locations of the most profitable resources in their environment. Growing evidence also indicates that insects glean such information through cues inadvertently provided by their conspecifics. Here, we investigate social informat...

Surface application of manure in reduced tillage systems generates nuisance odors, but their management is hindered by a lack of standardized field quantification methods. An investigation was undertaken to evaluate odor emissions associated with various technologies that incorporate manure with minimal soil disturbance. Dairy manure slurry was applied by five methods in a 3.5-m swath to grassl...

Volatiles emitted by the host's food would be the first signals used by parasitoids in the host location process and are thought to play an important role in host habitat location. In this study, the olfactory responses of Theocolax elegans (Westwood), a Pteromalid wasp that parasitizes immature stages of stored-product insect pests developing inside cereal or leguminous grains, to volatiles em...

This study presents a mobile application of the maze task as complementary activity for second language learning. The facilitates conducting linguistic training sessions with both pedagogical and experimental purposes. We designed Maze Task Mobile, used it in English classes native speakers Brazilian Portuguese, analyzed student perceptions through an attitude survey. Besides presenting detail,...

The host preference of the economically important fruit piercing moth, Calyptra lata (Butler 1881), was studied when exposed to different fruits and the odors of those fruits in enclosed feeding assays and in a two-choice olfactometer. The fruits consisted of three ripe and locally available types: raspberries, cherries and plums. Moths were released in cages with the ripened fruit and observed...

Apolygus lucorum (Hemiptera: Miridae) is an important insect pest of cotton and fruit trees in China. The adults prefer host plants at the flowering stage, and their populations track flowering plants both spatially and temporally. In this study, we examine whether flower preference of its adults is mediated by plant volatiles, and which volatile compositions play an important role in attractin...

Standard protocols for sampling and measuring odor emissions from livestock buildings are needed to guide scientists, consultants, regulators, and policy-makers. A federally funded, multistate project has conducted field studies in six states to measure emissions of odor, coarse particulate matter (PM(10)), total suspended particulates, hydrogen sulfide, ammonia, and carbon dioxide from swine a...

Nepeta L. (Lamiaceae) species are belonging to aromatic and medicinal plants. Many biological activities of have been reported. In this study, memory-enhancing nuda ssp. essential oil was aimed be evaluated in laboratory rats treated with scopolamine. GC-MS/GC-FID system used identify composition. Memory performances the were tested using Y-maze radial-arm maze. Acetylcholinesterase enzyme acti...

The striatum plays an important role in “habitual” learning and memory, and has been hypothesized to implement a reinforcement-learning algorithm in order to select actions to perform given the current sensory input. Many experimental approaches to striatal activity have made use of temporally structured tasks, which imply that the striatal representation is temporal. To test this assumption, w...