Background: Lifestyle modifications including medical nutrition, exercise, and behavioral psychological therapy play a pivotal role in the treatment of diabetes mellitus. In this study, we discuss fundamental essential aspects nutrition for mellitus based on recommendations Korean Diabetes Association.Current Concepts: Patients with should receive education individualized from qualified clinica...

Symptoms of chest pain and dysphagia are common in the adult population. Most patients initially undergo an evaluation to exclude anatomic causes (ie, esophagitis, stricture) and cardiovascular disease as the etiology of these symptoms. Patients with persistent symptoms may then be referred for specialized testing of the esophagus, including esophageal manometry. Disorders of esophageal motilit...